musclesofrespiration
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| External Oblique | raises intra-abdominal and intra-thoracic pressure; compresses abdominal contents
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| Internal Oblique | aids the externa obliques and may aid forced exhalation
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| Transversus Abdominus | aids the externa obliques and may aid forced exhalation
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| Rectus Abdominus | assists in compression of the abdomen, flexes lumbar vertebrae
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| Pyramidalis | may not exist in some people. anterior to the lowermost part of the rectus.
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| Quadratus Lumborum | May be active in exhalation; anchors lower 2 ribs
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| Illiacus | may aid in exhalation
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| Psoas Major, Psoas Minor | May aid in exhalation
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| sternocleidomastoid | with head anchored, may raise the sternum and clavicle.
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| Scalenus Anterior | Raises first rib
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| Scalenus Medius | Raises first rib
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| Scalenus Posterior | Raises second rib
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| Trapezius | Rotates scapula, raises shoulder, turns head and tilts it backward
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| Latissimus Dorsi | Extends, adducts, rotates arms medially; may influence the lower 3 or 4 ribs
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| Rhomboids | Draws scapula toward spinal column, adducts the arm
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| Levator Scapulae | Elevates and anchors the scapula
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| Diaphragm | Primary muscle of inhalation
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| Internal Intercostals | Aids in increasing thoracic volume, but may also assist in exhalation
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| External Intercostals | With upper ribs anchored, the lower ribs are elevated
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| Subcostals | Action not fully understood, may be partially exhalatory
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| Levator Costarum Brevis | Elevates the lower posterior ribs, increasing volume
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| Levator Costarum Longus | Elevates the lower posterior ribs, increasing volume
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| Serratus Posterior Superior | Possibly elevates the ribs
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| Serratus Posterior Inferior | Exerts a downward force on lower ribs during forced inhalation
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| Lateral Iliocostalis | May influence rib movements during respiration. Starts at illium and goes up and fans out.
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| Longissimus Dorsi | Medial to Lateral iliocostalis. Goes straight up the backbone (lateral & parallel to vertebrae).
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| Pectoralis Major | fan shaped. Rotation of the arm.
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| Pectoralis Minor | Deep & smaller than major. Extends the shoulder.
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| Subclavius | Below clavicle and runnning parallel to clavicle. Draws the shoulder forward and slightly downward.
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| Serratus Anterior | Has a serrated (jagged) apperance. Anchors and protracts the scapula.
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