AG 511 Assessment 1
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| early representational | 1.5 - 4 years oldconsistent error patternschild's production shows relationship to adult targetphonological processes
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| 4 common systematic error patterns | 1. final consonant deletion2. cluster reduction3. stopping of affricates4. vowelization of final [l]
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| order of acquistion of vowels | 1. corner vowels2. lax vowels3. mid-front section
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| age of customary usage | age when 50% of children tested produced the sound correctly in 2/3 word positions
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| age of mastery | age at which 75% (or 90 or 100%) of children studied produced the sound correctly in all word positions
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| phonotactic/sequential constraints | restrictions on the occurrence of sounds or categories of sounds in different word/syllable positions
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| pre-representational | the first 50 words10 - 24 monthssingle, whole word utterancesselectivityphonological idiomsends with a systematic reorganization into a more compact system
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| why attempt clinical assessment of prelinguistic vocalizations? | 1. predict later language development2. aid in selecting appropriate target words for late talkers
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| true word | 1. repeated in plausible context2. must be spontaneous3. not limited to one specific context4. similar to adult's form5. stable production in all contexts
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| phonetic variability | unstable pronounciations
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| holophrastic period | one word = complete idea
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| prosodic features | rhythm of language occurs across segments and influences what we say
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| contoid | a consonant-like production
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| pre-linguistic stages | BIRTH TO 12 MONTHS1. reflexive crying and vegetative sounds2. cooing and laughing3. vocal play4. canonical babbling5. jargon stage
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| 4 stages of language acquisition | 0 - 12 mos 1. prelinguistic1 - 2 yrs 2. prerepresentational 3. representational1.5 - 4 yrs a) early4 - 7 yrs b) later7 - 11 yrs 4. concrete
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| perceptual constancy | the ability to identify the same sound across different speakers, pitches & other changing environmental conditions
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| loss of discrimination ability occurs | 10 to 12 months
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| phonological development | the acquisition of speech sound form and function within a language system
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| pre-linguistic behaviour | all vocalizations prior to the first actual words
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| 4 phonetic categories used to describe consonants | 1. organ of articulation2. place of articulation3. manner of articulation4. voicing
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| why are articulation impairments called phonetic disorders | disturbance in the peripheral speech motor processes causes sounds to be different from normal
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| why are phonological disorders called phonemic problems? | incorrect understanding and organization of phonemes leads to an inadequate phoneme system
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| phonetics | the study of speech and speech sounds
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| articulation | the entire motor processes involved in the planning and execution of sequences of overlapping gestures that result in speech
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| articulation disorders | difficulties with the motor production aspects of speech
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| articulatory | speech production - how speech sounds are formed
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| acoustic | study of speech transmission
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| auditory | how we perceive sounds
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| phonemes | the smallest linguistic unit that is able, (when combined with other such units), to establish word meanings and distinguish between them ex: /s/
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| speech sounds | represent physical sound realities; end products of articulatory motor processesex: [s]
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| phonology | pertains to the description of the systems and patterns of phonemes that occur in a language; the study of how phonemes are organized and function in communication
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| phonological disorder | an impaired system of phonemes and patterns within spoken language - reflects a language deficiency
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