For clinicals in Microbiology dept: Genus M through Salmonella
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| What 3 species of important pathogenic bacteria fall under the genus "Mycobacterium?" | 1) Mycobacterium leprae 2) Mycobacterium tuberculosis 3) Mycobacterium ulcerans
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| Is Mycobacterium gram neg or gram pos? | Neither. Mycobacterium are acid fast organisms.
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| What kind of stains can be used to see Mycobacterium under the microscope if they can't be gram stained? | Fite's stain, Ziehl-Neelsen stain, and Kinyoun stain.
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| Mycobacterium appear how under a microscope? | Mycobacterium long, slender rods.
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| Are Mycobacterium encapsulated or unencapsulated? | Mycobacterium are unencapsulated.
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| How would you describe the motility of Mycobacterium? | Mycobacterium are nonmotile.
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| How could you classify the respiration of Mycobacterium? | Mycobacterium are aerobic.
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| Are Mycobacterium extracellular or intracellular? | Mycobacterium are extracellular.
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| What kind of growth media would be used to grow Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lab? | Mycobacterium tuberculosis would grow on Lowenstein-Jensen agar.
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| How is Mycobacterium leprae transmitted? | Prolonged human contact. Spread through exudates from skin lesions to abrasions of other person.
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| What disease is caused by Mycobacterium leprae? | Leprosy, also called Hansen's disease.
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| How do you treat Mycobacterium leprae in its tuberculoid form? | Dapsone and rifampin.
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| How do you treat Mycobacterium leprae in its lepromatous form? | Clofazimine.
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| How do you prevent Mycobacterium leprae, or leprosy? | BCG vaccine is somewhat effective. Not a guarantee.
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| In its lepromatous form, Mycobacterium leprae can be identified using __ __ staining from __ __. | acid fast staining from skin scrapings.
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| How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmitted? | Droplet contact.
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| What disease is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | Tuberculosis (Also called TB or consumption). Duh.
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| Treatment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is complex. For the first 2 months, you take what 4 drugs in combination? | 1) Isoniazic 2) Rifampicin 3) Pyranzinamide 4) Ethambutol
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| How do you treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the last 4 months? | Give 1) Isoniazid 2) Rifampicin
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| How do you prevent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | 1) BCG vaccine 2) Isoniazid
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| How do you see Mycobacterium tuberculosis under the microscope? | Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Remember, Mycobacterium are acid fast and do not gram stain.
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| How do you diagnose Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the lab? | 1) Stain with Ziehl-Neelsen stain 2) Hybridization probes for DNA succeeded by PCR 3) Culture on Lowenstein-Jensen agar.
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| What important species of bacteria fall under the genus "Mycoplasma?" | Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
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| Mycoplasma lack a __ __ and are therefore unaffected by antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. | cell wall
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| How does Mycoplasma pneumoniae look under a microscope? | Mycoplasma pneumoniae look plastic, pleomorphic.
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| Are Mycoplasma pneumoniae encapsulated or unencapsulated? | Mycoplasma pneumoniae is encapsulated.
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| How do you categorize the respiration of Mycoplasma? | Mycoplasma are mostly facultative anaerobes. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is strictly aerobic, however.
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| Is Mycoplasma pneumoniae extracellular or intracellular? | Mycoplasma pneumoniae is extracellular.
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| Mycoplasma is a frequent lab __ or cultures. | contaminant
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| How do you categorize the respiration of Mycoplasma pneumoniae? | Mycoplasma pneumoniae is strictly aerobic.
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| How is Mycoplasma pneumoniae transmitted? | 1) Human flora 2) Droplet contact.
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| What disease is caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae? | Mycoplasma pneumonia. Easy.
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| How do you treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae? | 1) Doxycycline 2) Erythromycin.
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| How do you diagnose Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the lab? | 1) Serological tests like complement fixation 2) DNA probes on sputum.
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| What important pathogens fall under the genus "Neisseria?" | 1) Neisseria gonorrhoeae 2) Neisseria meningitidis
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| Is Neisseria gram neg or gram pos? | Neisseria is gram neg.
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| What does a Neisseria microbe look like under the microscope? | Neisseria is a kidney bean shaped diploccoci.
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| Is Neisseria encapsulated or unencapsulated? | It can be either.
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| Is Neisseria motile or non-motile? | Neisseria is non-motile.
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| How would you classify the respiration of Neisseria? | Neisseria is aerobic.
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| What growth media is used for Neisseria? | Thayer-Martin agar.
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| Gonococcus is __ __ while Neisseria meningitidis is __. | facultative intracellular and N. meningitidis extracellular.
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| How is Neisseria gonorrhoeae transmitted? | 1) Sexually 2) Vertical in birth.
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| What diseases are caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae? | 1) Gonorrhea 2) Ophthalmia neonatorum 3) Septic arthritis
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| How do you treat uncomplicated gonorrhea? | 1) Ceftriaxone 2) Tetracycline 3) Spectinmoycin
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| How do you treat someone with ophthalmia neonatorum? | Tetracycline OR Erythromycin into the eyes.
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| How do you prevent Neisseria gonorrhoeae? | 1) Safe sex 2) Tetracycline OR Erythromycin into eyes of newborns at risk.
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| Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be seen in the __ from urethral exudates. | neutrophils
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| How would you diagnost Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the lab? | 1) Find gram-neg diplococci in neutrophils from urethral exudates 2) Oxidase test on Thayer-Martin agar 3) Fermentation of glucose BUT NOT maltose.
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| Neisseria meningitidis is spread how? | Respiratory droplets.
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| What diseases are caused by Neisseria meningitidis? | 1) Meningococcal disease 2) Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
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| How is Neisseria meningitidis treated? | 1) Penicillin G 2) Cefotaxime 3) Ceftriaxone
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| How do you prevent Neisseria meningitidis? | 1) Rifampin 2) Vaccine - NmVac4-A/C/Y/W-135
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| How do you diagnose Neisseria meningitidis in the lab? | 1) Microscropy showing gram-neg diplococci, often with PMNs 2) Culture on CHOC agar 3) Give pos osidase test and fermentation of glucose and maltose in 5% CO2 in air.
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| What important pathogenic species falls under the genus of "Pseudomonas?" | Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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| Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram neg or gram pos? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa gram neg.
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| How does Pseudomonas aeruginosa look under the microscope? | Rods.
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| Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa encapsulated or unencapsulated? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is encapsulated.
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| Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa motile or non-motile? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is motile.
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| How would you classify the respiration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an obligate aerobe.
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| What sort of growth medium would you use to culture Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | MacConkey agar.
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| Is Pseudomonas aeruginosa extracellular or intracellular? | Pseudomonas aeruginosa is extracellular.
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| How is Pseudomonas aeruginosa transmitted? | 1) Infects damaged tissues 2) Infects people with reduced immunity.
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| What sort of disease can be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Pseudomonas infection. Duh.
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| How do you treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | Aminoglycoside and anti-pseudomonal B-lactam.
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| How do you treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa? | 1) Topical silver sulfadiazine for burn wounds. NO VACCINE.
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| How do you diagnose Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lab? | 1) Colorless colonies on MacConkey agar 2) Production of pyocyanine and fluorescein 3) Pos oxidase test, no lactose fermentation.
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| What important species of pathogen falls under the genus "Rickettsia?" | Rickettsia rickettsii.
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| Rickettsia rickettsii is gram-neg or gram-pos? | Rickettsia rickettsii is gram-neg, but stains poorly.
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| What is the shape of Rickettsia rickettsii? | Coccobacillary; small, rod-like.
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| Is Rickettsia rickettsii encapsulated or unencapsulated? | Neither. Slime/microcapsule.
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| Is Rickettsia rickettsii motile or non-motile? | Rickettsia rickettsii is non-motile.
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| How do you classify the respiration of Rickettsia rickettsii? | Rickettsia rickettsii is aerobic.
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| What sort of growth medium would be used with Rickettsia rickettsii? | Brain heart infusion broth and Eagle's minimal essential medium. Rarely cultured.
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| Is Rickettsia rickettsii intracellular or extracellular? | Obligate intracellular.
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| How is Rickettsia rickettsii spread? | Bite of infected wood or dog tick.
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| What disease can you catch from an infection of Rickettsia rickettsii? | Rocky mountain spotted fever.
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| How do you treat Rickettsia rickettsii? | 1) Doxycycline 2) Chloramphenicol
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| How do you prevent infection by Rickettsia rickettsii? | 1) Vector control 2) Remove attached ticks promptly
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| How do you diagnose Rickettsia rickettsii in the lab? | 1) Serology 2) Immunofluorescence against Rickettsia antigens.
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| What important species of pathogens fall under the genus "Salmonella?" | 1) Salmonella typhi 2) Salmonella typhimurium
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| Is Salmonella gram-neg or gram-pos? | Salmonella is gram-neg.
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| What is the shape of Salmonella? | Bacilli.
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| Is Salmonella encapsulated or unencapsulated? | Salmonella is encapsulated.
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| Is Salmonella motile or non-motile? | Salmonella is normally motile.
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| How would you classify the respiration of Salmonella? | Salmonella is a facultative anaerobe.
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| What growth medium should be used with Salmonella? | MacConkey agar.
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| Is Salmonella intracellular or extracellular pathogen? | Salmonella is a facultative intracellular pathogen.
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| How is Salmonella typhi spread? | Human to human, fecal-oral through food or water.
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| What disease is caused by Salmonella typhi? | Typhoid fever type salmonellosis. Causes dysentery and colitis.
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| How do you treat Salmonella typhi? | 1) Ceftriaxone 2) Fluoroquinolones, like ciprofloxacin.
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| How do you prevent Salmonella typhi? | 1) Ty21a and ViCPS vaccines 2) Hygiene and food prep.
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| Salmonella typhi can be isolated from ? | 1) blood 2) feces 3) bone marrow 4) urine 5) rose spots on skin
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| How do you diagnose Salmonella typhi in the lab? | 1) Colorless, non-lactose fermenting colonies on MacConkey agar 2) Serology for antibodies against O antigen.
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| How is Salmonella typhimurium transmitted? | 1) Fecal-oral 2) Food contaminated by fowl, eggs, pets, other animals.
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| What diseases are caused by Salmonella typhimurium? | Salmonellosis with gastroenteritis and enterocolitis.
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| How do you treat Salmonella typhimurium? | 1) Fluid and electrolyte replacement for severe diarrhea 2) Antibiotics in immunocompromised patients.
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| How do you prevent Salmonella typhimurium? | 1) Proper sewage disposal 2) Food prep 3) Good personal hygiene.
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| How do you diagnost Salmonella typhimurium in the lab? | Colorless colonies on MacConkey agar.
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Created by:
IsaacJ
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