NCEA Level 3 Biology Plant Animal Responses AS 91603
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| abiotic factors | show 🗑
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| show | A plant hormone with a range of effects e.g. promotes leaf and fruit abscission in some species.
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| show | Leaf or fruit fall.
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| actogram | show 🗑
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| adaptation | show 🗑
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| show | The way in which the response helps to ensure the survival of the individual and therefore the population or species as a whole.
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| show | Attempts by an animal to harm or kill another animal of the same species with which it is competing (not predation).
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| agonistic behaviour | show 🗑
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| allelopathy | show 🗑
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| show | Behaviour in which an individual puts itself at risk for the benefit of the group e.g. warning of predators.
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| amensalism | show 🗑
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| show | An interspecific relationship in which one species releases a substance which inhibits the growth or kills another species (e.g. some fungi inhibit the growth of bacteria).
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| show | Growth pattern where there is one main trunk/stem and much smaller side branches, due to suppression of lateral (side) buds by a high concentration of auxin near the top of the plant.
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| auxin | show 🗑
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| Batesian mimicry | show 🗑
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| show | The response of an organism to a stimulus. Can be innate or learned.
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| show | An internal timing system in organisms.
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| biotic factors | show 🗑
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| camouflage | show 🗑
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| show | Prefix for chemicals.
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| chemotaxis | show 🗑
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| chemotropims | show 🗑
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| show | Means ‘about / approximately’. ONLY used to describe rhythms occurring in constant environmental (free-running) conditions.
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| show | A rhythm of about one year occurring in constant environmental (free-running) conditions.
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| show | A rhythm of about 24 hours occurring in constant environmental (free-running) conditions.
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| show | A rhythm of about one month occurring in constant environmental (free-running) conditions.
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| show | A rhythm of about 12.5 hours occurring in constant environmental (free-running) conditions.
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| co-evolution | show 🗑
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| commensalism | show 🗑
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| show | Occurs when organisms living in the same location require the same resource, for which demand exceeds supply. Can be interspecific or intraspecific.
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| show | Cooperation between individuals for successful reproduction, which may include courtship, mating and parental care of offspring.
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| cooperative interactions | show 🗑
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| courtship | show 🗑
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| crepuscular | show 🗑
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| critical day length | show 🗑
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| show | A plant hormone. Various effects, including promoting cell division (and therefore growth).
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| show | Activity occurring every 24 hours (NB: zeitgeber(s) present!).
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| day-neutral plant | show 🗑
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| show | A period of arrested development (especially in insects in cold climates).
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| diurnal | show 🗑
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| show | A state of temporarily reduced metabolism.
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| show | A parasite which lives or feeds on the outside of its host.
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| show | The role of the organism in its ecosystem. Includes its feeding role, activity pattern, habitat and adaptations. Each species has a unique niche.
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| show | Part of an organism where the response to the stimulus is carried out.
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| endogenous rhythm | show 🗑
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| endoparasite | show 🗑
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| show | Process by which the internal clock is reset so that it is synchronised with an environmental rhythm.
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| show | A plant hormone which is produced and accumulates in aging fruit, promoting their ripening.
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| show | Controlled by an external cue or stimulus.
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| show | Interspecific relationship in which one species benefits while the other is harmed. Includes parasitism, herbivory and predation.
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| fitness | show 🗑
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| show | The length of an organism's activity period in the absence of external cues (zeitgebers).
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| free-running | show 🗑
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| show | If two species have the same niche they cannot remain for long in the same habitat. One will be out-competed and eliminated (or at least reduced to a very small population.)
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| show | The process by which a plant grows from a seed.
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| gibberellin | show 🗑
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| show | Prefix for gravity.
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| show | A plant growth response towards or away from the stimulus of gravity.
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| show | The specific environment in which an organism lives.
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| herbivory | show 🗑
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| hibernation | show 🗑
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| hierarchy | show 🗑
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| homing | show 🗑
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| hormone | show 🗑
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| hydro- | show 🗑
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| hydrotropism | show 🗑
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| show | A fixed response to a stimulus, controlled by genes.
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| interspecific | show 🗑
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| intraspecific | show 🗑
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| show | Condition caused when the endogenous circadian rhythm does not match external cues. Usually caused by travelling across time zones.
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| kin selection | show 🗑
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| show | Non-directional movement response in animals in which the rate of activity is determined by the intensity of the stimulus.
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| show | Non-directional movement response in animals in which the rate of turning is determined by the intensity of the stimulus... faster in unfavourable conditions and slower in favourable conditions.
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| learned behaviour | show 🗑
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| show | Any variable factor of the environment that limits the activity of an organism or population.
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| show | A plant that flowers when the day length exceeds the critical day length (i.e. requires a short night).
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| magnetic compass | show 🗑
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| meristem | show 🗑
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| migration | show 🗑
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| show | The similarity in appearance of one species of animal to another unrelated species that provides a benefit (e.g. protection from predators).
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| monogamy | show 🗑
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| show | The number or proportion of deaths in a population over time.
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| show | Where several unpalatable (inedible) species resemble each other, providing protection from predators.
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| mutualism | show 🗑
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| show | Determining the position relative to other locations.
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| show | A plant turgor response that is independent of the direction of the stimulus. Not a growth response. Rapid and reversible e.g. sensitive plant (Mimosa).
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| niche differentiation | show 🗑
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| show | Most active at night.
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| show | The ability of organisms to determine their location in relation to environmental stimuli.
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| orthokinesis | show 🗑
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| show | A long-lasting relationship between a particular male and female.
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| show | A form of exploitation in which one species (the parasite) feeds off another living species (the host).
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| show | An organism which is parasitic at only one stage of its life cycle.
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| show | Investment of resources by parents in the survival of offspring.
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| period | show 🗑
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| show | The close-up distance around an animal that is never invaded except for mating or fighting.
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| phase shift | show 🗑
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| show | Chemical used as a signal to other members of the same species.
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| photo- | show 🗑
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| show | The day length; this is the most reliable indicator of time of the year.
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| photoperiodism | show 🗑
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| show | Movement of an organisms towards or away from a light stimulus.
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| phototropism | show 🗑
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| show | A plant pigment that controls the photoperiodic response (measures the length of darkness / light).
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| show | The first shoot of a young plant.
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| show | A social system in which individuals mate with more than one member of the opposite sex during a breeding season.
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| show | A form of exploitation in which one species (the predator) kills and eats another species (the prey).
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| r/K strategies | show 🗑
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| receptors | show 🗑
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| show | A plant that flowers when the day length is less than the critical day length (i.e. requires a long night).
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| show | Using the position of the sun to navigate. NB: requires an internal clock to compensate for changing position of sun in sky.
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| star compass | show 🗑
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| show | Using the stars to navigate.
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| stimulus | show 🗑
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| show | Two different biological meanings: where seeds are treated to simulate winter conditions so that germination may occur, OR a vertical pattern in the distribution of species - e.g. the layers of plants in a forest.
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| show | When an individual indicates, by an act or posture, that it will not challenge a dominant individual in a social group. This behaviour is important in maintaining a dominance hierarchy.
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| show | Lower in rank e.g. in a linear hierarchy
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| show | A pattern in the distribution of species over time (e.g. in plants from bare rock to forest).
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| show | Ability of an animal to orientate and navigate using the sun’s position. NB: requires an internal clock to compensate for changing position of sun in sky.
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| show | The movement of an organism towards or away from a directional stimulus.
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| territoriality | show 🗑
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| show | An area used by an animal for feeding or breeding, that the animal will defend against individuals of its own species. Territories do not overlap.
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| thigmo- | show 🗑
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| thigmonasty | show 🗑
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| show | A plant growth response towards or away from the stimulus of touch (contact).
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| show | A plant growth response to towards or away from a directional stimulus.
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| vernalisation | show 🗑
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| show | The external environmental cue used to ‘set’ the biological clock. In most species, this is the change from light to dark (or dark to light).
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| show | A horizontal pattern in the distribution of species e.g. zones of plants of different types up a mountain or bands of particular species on the rocky shore.
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| suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) | show 🗑
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