NCEA Level 3 Biology Plant Animal Responses AS 91603
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| abiotic factors | show 🗑
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| abscissic acid | show 🗑
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| show | Leaf or fruit fall.
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| actogram | show 🗑
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| show | A feature of an organism which helps it to live successfully in its environment.
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| show | The way in which the response helps to ensure the survival of the individual and therefore the population or species as a whole.
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| aggression | show 🗑
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| show | Ritualised behaviour between two members of the same species which are in conflict. Includes threat displays and submissive/dominance behaviours. Reduces actual physical fighting.
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| show | An interspecific relationship in which a plant species produces a chemical which is toxic to other species.
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| show | Behaviour in which an individual puts itself at risk for the benefit of the group e.g. warning of predators.
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| amensalism | show 🗑
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| antibiosis | show 🗑
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| apical dominance | show 🗑
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| show | A plant hormone. Involved in tropic responses because it affects cell elongation, also has various other roles and effects in plants.
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| show | When a palatable animal mimics (looks like) an unpalatable one, providing protection from predators.
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| behaviour | show 🗑
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| biological clock | show 🗑
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| biotic factors | show 🗑
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| show | Concealment method in which an animal is coloured to match its environment.
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| chemo- | show 🗑
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| show | The movement of an animal towards or away from a chemical stimulus.
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| show | Plant growth response towards or away from a chemical stimulus.
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| show | Means ‘about / approximately’. ONLY used to describe rhythms occurring in constant environmental (free-running) conditions.
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| circaannual | show 🗑
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| circadian | show 🗑
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| circalunar | show 🗑
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| show | A rhythm of about 12.5 hours occurring in constant environmental (free-running) conditions.
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| show | When two species with a strong ecological relationship influence each other’s evolution (the relationship acts as a strong selection pressure).
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| show | An interspecific relationship where one organism benefits, but the other is unaffected.
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| competition | show 🗑
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| cooperative breeding | show 🗑
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| cooperative interactions | show 🗑
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| show | A series of signals exchanged between male and female and ending in mating.
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| crepuscular | show 🗑
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| critical day length | show 🗑
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| show | A plant hormone. Various effects, including promoting cell division (and therefore growth).
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| show | Activity occurring every 24 hours (NB: zeitgeber(s) present!).
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| day-neutral plant | show 🗑
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| show | A period of arrested development (especially in insects in cold climates).
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| diurnal | show 🗑
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| dormancy | show 🗑
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| ectoparasite | show 🗑
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| show | The role of the organism in its ecosystem. Includes its feeding role, activity pattern, habitat and adaptations. Each species has a unique niche.
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| show | Part of an organism where the response to the stimulus is carried out.
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| show | Controlled by an internal timing mechanism (biological clock). It continues in the absence of environmental cues.
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| show | A parasite which lives on the inside of its host.
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| entrainment | show 🗑
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| show | A plant hormone which is produced and accumulates in aging fruit, promoting their ripening.
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| show | Controlled by an external cue or stimulus.
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| exploitation | show 🗑
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| show | This means evolutionary fitness and is a measure of an organism’s reproductive success. ‘Fitter’ organisms are more likely to survive, reproduce and pass on their favourable alleles.
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| free running period | show 🗑
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| show | Occurring in the absence of environmental cues.
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| show | If two species have the same niche they cannot remain for long in the same habitat. One will be out-competed and eliminated (or at least reduced to a very small population.)
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| germination | show 🗑
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| show | A plant hormone which promotes elongation of shoots.
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| gravi- (or geo-) | show 🗑
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| show | A plant growth response towards or away from the stimulus of gravity.
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| show | The specific environment in which an organism lives.
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| herbivory | show 🗑
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| show | A period of suspended activity / very low metabolic activity during winter, generally to survive a lack of food.
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| show | When animals have a specific rank in the group. A linear hierarchy (or pecking order) has individuals ranked from highest (alpha individual) to lowest (omega individual).
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| show | The ability of an animal to return to its home site over unfamiliar territory. It occurs on a regular (e.g. daily) basis.
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| hormone | show 🗑
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| hydro- | show 🗑
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| show | A plant growth response towards or away from the stimulus of water.
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| innate behaviour | show 🗑
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| show | Between two different species.
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| show | Within one species.
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| jet-lag | show 🗑
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| show | When an individual puts them self at risk to assist the survival of another individual to which they are related. This helps to ensure their alleles are passed on.
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| show | Non-directional movement response in animals in which the rate of activity is determined by the intensity of the stimulus.
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| klinokinesis | show 🗑
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| show | Behaviour which is modified by experience.
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| show | Any variable factor of the environment that limits the activity of an organism or population.
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| show | A plant that flowers when the day length exceeds the critical day length (i.e. requires a short night).
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| show | Ability of animals to use Earth’s magnetic field lines for orientation and navigation.
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| show | Area at tips of shoots and roots where cells are dividing rapidly.
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| migration | show 🗑
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| show | The similarity in appearance of one species of animal to another unrelated species that provides a benefit (e.g. protection from predators).
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| monogamy | show 🗑
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| show | The number or proportion of deaths in a population over time.
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| show | Where several unpalatable (inedible) species resemble each other, providing protection from predators.
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| mutualism | show 🗑
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| show | Determining the position relative to other locations.
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| nastic responses | show 🗑
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| niche differentiation | show 🗑
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| nocturnal | show 🗑
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| show | The ability of organisms to determine their location in relation to environmental stimuli.
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| orthokinesis | show 🗑
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| show | A long-lasting relationship between a particular male and female.
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| parasitism | show 🗑
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| show | An organism which is parasitic at only one stage of its life cycle.
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| show | Investment of resources by parents in the survival of offspring.
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| show | The length of the activity cycle (how long it takes to repeat) of an organism.
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| show | The close-up distance around an animal that is never invaded except for mating or fighting.
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| show | A change in the starting time of a rhythm (but not its period).
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| pheromone | show 🗑
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| photo- | show 🗑
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| photoperiod | show 🗑
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| photoperiodism | show 🗑
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| phototaxis | show 🗑
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| phototropism | show 🗑
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| phytochrome | show 🗑
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| plumule | show 🗑
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| show | A social system in which individuals mate with more than one member of the opposite sex during a breeding season.
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| predation | show 🗑
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| show | r-strategist: large number of offspring but little parental care; K-strategist: small number of offspring, but large investment in parental care of each.
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| show | Part of an organism which is able to detect a change in the environment (stimulus).
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| short-day plant | show 🗑
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| solar navigation | show 🗑
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| star compass | show 🗑
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| stellar navigation | show 🗑
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| show | A change in the environment which causes a response in an organism.
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| stratification | show 🗑
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| show | When an individual indicates, by an act or posture, that it will not challenge a dominant individual in a social group. This behaviour is important in maintaining a dominance hierarchy.
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| show | Lower in rank e.g. in a linear hierarchy
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| show | A pattern in the distribution of species over time (e.g. in plants from bare rock to forest).
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| show | Ability of an animal to orientate and navigate using the sun’s position. NB: requires an internal clock to compensate for changing position of sun in sky.
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| show | The movement of an organism towards or away from a directional stimulus.
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| territoriality | show 🗑
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| show | An area used by an animal for feeding or breeding, that the animal will defend against individuals of its own species. Territories do not overlap.
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| show | Prefix for touch (physical contact).
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| thigmonasty | show 🗑
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| thigmotropism | show 🗑
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| tropism | show 🗑
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| vernalisation | show 🗑
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| zeitgeber | show 🗑
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| show | A horizontal pattern in the distribution of species e.g. zones of plants of different types up a mountain or bands of particular species on the rocky shore.
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| show | A tiny region within the hypothalamus of the brain, connected by nerves to the eyes. Responsible for controlling the circadian rhythm in animals.
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