Yeast and Dimorphic Pathogens
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| Which organism has the unique property of producing germ tubes when fetal bovine serum is lightly inoculated with the yeast isolate and incubated at 35 - 37° C for 2.5 - 3 hours? | Candida albicans
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| On cornmeal agar: produces pseudohyphae, regular clusters of blastoconidia along the points of septation, and large, spherical chlamydospores | Candida albicans
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| On cornmeal agar: has terminal chlamydospores that occur in pairs or clusters | Candia dubliniensis
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| On cornmeal agar: characterized by true hyphae that segment into rectangular arthroconidia. Arthrospores germinate from one corner, giving them a "hockey stick" appearance | Geotrichum sp.
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| Does not produce pseudohyphae. It reproduces by successively budding, producing multilateral, oval yeast cells that may form short chains. It is usually pink to coral in color on cornmeal agar. | Rhodotorula rubra
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| Oval to round yeast cells with multilateral budding. Ascopores may be seen when ascospore or Kinyoun stain is used. | Saccharomyces
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| Produce both hyphae and psuedohyphae. Blastoconidia are present. | Trichosporon
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| "Logd in a stream" blastoconidia | Candida kefyr
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| "Hockey stick" arthroconidia | Geotrichum sp.
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| Multilateral budding yeast cells | Rhodotorula rubra
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| Mucoid colonies. Urease positive. Reddish-brown pigmentation on bird seed agar. Presence of capsule. No pseudohyphae on cornmeal agar. | Cryptococcus neoformans
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| produces the enzyme phenoloxidase, which oxidizes the caffein acid in bird seed agar to melanin, producing a red-brown pigmentation | Cryptococcus neoformans
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| Associated with a catheter- either an indwelling intravenous catheter, an intraventricular shunt or the catheter used in continuous peritoneal dialysis. | Rhodotorula rubra
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| Fungi that have a yeast (or yeast-like) phase and a mold (filamentous) phase. | Dimorphic fungi
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| Production of mold form at 25-30C and yeast form at 35-37C | Dimorphic fungi
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| Dimorphic fungi that are considered pathogens | Blastomyces dermatitidis
Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidioides immitis
Paracoccidioides brasilliensis
Sporothric schenckii
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| Mold form: Spiked (echinulate) macroconidia | Histoplasma capsulatum
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| Mold form: Production of arthroconidia that appear alternate staining. When mature, each arthroconidium is swollen centrally, giving a barrel appearance. | Coccidioides immitis
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| Mold form: Produce spherical or oval conida, each supported by an individual conidiophore (lollipop) | Blastomyces dermatitidis
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| Mold form: Production of tiny microconidia that are arranged around the tip of a delicate conidiophore as petals on a daisy flower. | Sporothrix schenckii
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| Yeast form: large, 10-15 um in diameter, thick-walled yeast cells that produces a single bud attached by a broad base. | Blastomyces dermatitidis
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| Yeast form: does not produce a yeast form in a laboratory culture. Identified in stained tissue sections by the production of varying sized spherules. The larger, more mature spherules endospores ranging from 2-4um in diameter. | Coccidioides immitis
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| Yeast form: produces large yeast cells with multiple buds attached by narrow necks, giving the appearance of a "mariner's wheel" | Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
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| Yeast form: elongated cells that have been celled "cigar bodies" | Sporothrix schenckii
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| Systemic disease, mostly of the reticuloendothelial system. It may manifest itself in the bone marrow, lungs, liver, and/or spleen. The primary indication of infection in children is hepatosplenomegaly. In adults, it most often occurs as pulmonary disease | Histoplasmosis
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| Transmitted through the guano of bats and birds, particularly chicken and blackbirds. Contracted by individuals who frequent caves in endemic areas such as KY and states in the lower Missouri and Mississippi river valley | Histoplasmosis
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| Pulmonary disease that is contracted from inhalation of wind blown spores in dust; near the burrows of desert rodents. | Coccidiodomycosis
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| Referred to as "rose grower's disease". | Sportrichosis
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| Enter the body through a thorn prick. A pustule develops and ulcerates. Infects the lymphatic system. | Sporothrix schenckii
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| referred to as "Chicago disease". Can be acquired by close contact with dogs or through scratches and bites. | Blastomycosis
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| Presents as a cutaneous or a respiratory disease | Blastomycosis
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| Affects skin, mucous membranes, and the pulmonary system. Commonly found in South America, Central America, and Africa. Present in soil in the endemic areas and contracted when eating vegetation that was grown in that soil | Paracoccidioidomycosis
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| Gray-white and delicate cob-web appearance on blood agar. | Histoplasma capsulatum
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| Gray-white and have a delicate hair-like consistency on blood agar after 8 days of incubation at 30C | Coccidioides immitis
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| Gray-green, delicate, cottony consistency on Sabourand's dextrose agar. | Sporothric schenckii
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| Although care should be taken when working with all fungus cultures in the laboratory, personnel are particularly prone to develop laboratory acquired infections from the inhalation of airborne species of which pathogenic fungi? | Coccidioides immitis
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| Which dimorphic fungus may produce black, yeast-like colonies after prolonged incubation at 37°C? | Sporothrix schenckii
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| Which ingredient is added to culture media to enhance the recovery of the dimorphic fungi by preventing the overgrowth of more rapidly growing, saprophytic molds? | Cycloheximide
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| What is often used as an enrichment to enhance the primary recovery of dimorphic fungi from clinical materials; however, it also enhances the growth of other fungal species as well. | Brain heart infusion
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| What is added to culture media to prevent the overgrowth of bacteria? | Chloramphenicol
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| An enrichment needed for the growth of a few select fungal species; notably, the dermatophyte Trichophyton tonsurans. It has little influence on the growth of the dimorphic fungi | Thiamine
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