Python, Learn Python The Hard Way, Exercise 37
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| and | Called Logical AND operator. If both the operands are true then then condition becomes true.
ex. (a and b) is true.
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| del | The del statement is a way to remove an item from a list given its index instead of its value: the del statement.
ex. a = [-1, 1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]
del a[0]
a
[1, 66.25, 333, 333, 1234.5]
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| from | The root of a from-import statement. The from-import statement is used to import specific objects from a module.
ex. from x import y
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| not | A negation for the defined operation.
ex. not(2 == 1)
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| while | The while loop continues until the expression becomes false. The expression has to be a logical expression and must return either a true or a false value.
ex. while (x < 10):
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| as | Used in a 'with' statement to define the alias to assign each result of with x to.
ex. with open("x.log") as x
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| elif | A conditional execution statement following an 'if'. Shorthand for an else-if.
ex. if x==0: do stuff
elif x==1: do more stuff
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| global | The global statement is a declaration which holds for the entire current code block. It means that the listed identifiers are to be interpreted as globals.
ex. globes = 0
def glob_1():
global globes
globes = 1
def glob_2():
print globes
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| or | Boolean operator to accept if either condition is True, return True.
ex. if (1==1 or 1==2):
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| with | The with statement is used to wrap the execution of a block with functionality provided by a separate guard object (see context-managers). This allows common try-except-finally usage patterns to be encapsulated for convenient reuse.
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| assert | The assert statement verifies that the expression defined resolves to true. If it does not it will raise an AssertionError with an optional expression2.
ex. assert (x==1 or x==2)
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| else | When all conditional execution statements in an If, Elif block return false, the else will catch and execute.
ex. if x==1: do1
elif x==2: do2
else: do3
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| if | A conditional execution statement which executes some code if a statement is True.
ex. if you == stinkypant: print "whew!"
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| pass | A null operation. When this is executed nothing happens.
ex. if x<0: derp()
else pass
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| yield | Return a generator object(like a list or tuple) instead of a static object.
ex. def direct(path):
yield os.path.walk(path)
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| break | Will exit out of the 'nearest' loop.
ex. while x<10:
if x<0:
break
print x
x = x+1
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| except | When a try statement fails the except catches the failure and returns.
ex. while True:
try:
num = raw_input(int())
break
except:
print "Thats not an int."
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| import | The import statement initializes an external module so its functions can be used in the current environment.
ex. import os
print os.path("c:")
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| The print statement will export the argument to STDOUT.
ex. print "sup"
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| class | A object that contains functions and can be instantiated.
ex. class Man:
def height(self):
print "TALL DUDE"
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| exec | Allows for the dynamic execution of Python code.
ex. test = print "Sup"
exec(test)
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| in | When used with an if, allows the code to loop through all members of a generator object.
ex. x = 1
if x in [1,2,3,4,5]: print "Sup"
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| raise | Used to call an exception that can be customized per situation.
ex. raise Exception, "PC LOAD LETTER"
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| continue | When encountered, causes the application to skip the rest of the current loop.
ex. k = [1,2,3,4,5]
for x in k:
if x>3:
print "TOO BEEG"
continue
print x
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| finally | The finally statement is the cleanup function in a 'try' statement.
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| is | Compares the object identity of two objects. Two objects referencing the same memory location will return True, but objects that are 'equal' will not.
ex. 1 == 1
1 is 1
[] == []
[] is []
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| return | Outputs the value returned by a function. This cannot be a generator object as return will only return that it is a generator function.
ex. def poop
return 2 * 2
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| def | Define a function.
ex. def testfunc(poops)
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| for | Iterate through a generator object. The for specifically defines a variable to store each individual iteration as the generator counts through.
ex. i = ["Hello","world!"]
for x in i:
print x
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| lambda | Creates an anonymous function that is not bound to a specific namespace.
ex. for i in (1,2,3,4,5):
a = lambda x: x * x
print a(i)
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| True | Boolean true.
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| False | Boolean false.
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| None | Null
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| strings | A string is a sequence characters which mathematical functions cannot be performed on.
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| numbers | Numbers are a sequence of numbers that math can be performed on.
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| floats | A float is a string of numbers that is equal to 32-bit storage of integers and fraction representing decimal places.
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| lists | A list is a dynamic storage of multiple variables in a single object that can be iterated. Unlike a tuple, lists can be changed after creation.
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| ES: \\ | \
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| ES: \' | '
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| ES: \" | "
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| ES: \a | ASCII bell
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| ES: \b | ASCII backspace
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| ES: \f | ASCII formfeed
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| ES: \n | newline
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| ES: \r | carriage return
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| ES: \t | tab
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| ES: \v | vertical tab :-/
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| %d | signed decimal
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| %i | signed decimal (same as %d)
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| %u | Signed decimal (obsolete)
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| %o | octal
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| %x | signed hex, lowercase
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| %X | signed hex, uppercase
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| %e | floating point in exponential format, lowercase
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| %E | floating point in exponential format, uppercase
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| %f | floating point decimal format
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| %F | floating point decimal format
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| %g | floating point format. Lowercase exponential format if less than -4, decimal format otherwise
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| %G | floating point format. Uppercase exponential format if less than -4, decimal format otherwise
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| %c | Single character
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| %r | String, converts using repr(), "x"
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| %s | string, converts using str(), x
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| %% | No argument converted. Results in '%' in the result
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| + | add
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| - | subtract
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| * | multiply
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| ** | Exponentiation, 'to the power of'
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| / | divide
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| // | quotient, division without any remainder
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| % | remainder
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| < | less than
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| > | greater than
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| <= | less than or equal to
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| >= | greater than or equal to
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| == | comparison
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| != | not equal to comparison
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| <> | not equal to comparison (obsolete)
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| () | tuple
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| [] | list
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| {} | set
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| @ | no idea!
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| = | declaration of a variable
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| += | add to the variable by argument and re-declare as the new value
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| -= | subtract from the variable by the argument and re-declare as the new value
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| /= | divide by the variable by the argument and re-declare as the new value
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| *= | multiply the variable by the argument and re-declare as the new value
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| //= | get the quotient of the variable by the argument and re-declare as the new value
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| %= | Get the remainder by dividing the variable by the argument and re-declaring it as the new value
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| **= | exponentiate the variable by the argument and re-declare as the new value
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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