Surgical Pharmacolog
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| Absorption | the process by which a drug is taken
into the body and moves from the site of administration
into the blood.
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| Adverse effect | are undesired, potentially harmful
side effects of drugs.
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| agonist | are drugs that bind to or have an affinity
(attraction) for a receptor and cause a particular response
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| antagonist | Drugs
that bind to a receptor and prevent a response
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| bioavailability | indicates the degree to
which the drug molecule reaches the site of action to exert
its effects.
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| biotechnology | the concepts of genetic engineering
and recombinant DNA technology.
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| biotransformation | In the liver, the
chemical composition of a drug is changed by
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| bolus | fast inffusion of medication
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| contraindication | reasons against
giving a particular drug
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| distribution | Drug molecules eventually diffuse out of the blood-stream to the site of action i
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| duration | The time between onset and disappearance of
drug effects
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| emulsion | in which the medication is contained in a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier.
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| enteral | indicates that the medication is taken into the gastrointestinal
tract, primarily by mouth (orally).
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| excretion | Medications taken into the body are eliminated in the
process called
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| hypersensitivity | is an adverse effect resulting
from previous exposure to the drug or a similar drug.
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| idiosyncratic effect | rare and unpredictable
adverse reactions to drugs. Most idiosyncratic drug reactions are thought to occur in people with some genetic abnormality, causing either an excessive or an inadequate
response to a drug.
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| indication | The reason or purpose for giving a medica-
tion
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| local effect | work at the site of application
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| onset | The time
between administration of a drug and the first appearance of effects is
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| parenteral | any route other
than the digestive tract, the most common of which are
subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous
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| pharmacodynamics | examines how the action of the drug affects the body.
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| pharmacokinetics | focuses on how the body
processes drugs,
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| plasma protein binding | drug molecules
bind to proteins (albumins and globulins) contained in
plasma—the liquid portion of blood—
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| reconstituted | to form a solution that can be administered
by injection
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| side effect | predictable but unintended effect of a drug. Side effects
are rarely serious,but usually unavoidable.
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| solubility | its ability to be dissolved
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| solution | is a mixture of drug particles (called the sol-ute) fully dissolved in a liquid medium (called the solvent
such as water or saline).
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| suspension | a form in which solid undissolved particles float (are sus-
pended) in a liquid.
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| synergist | A drug that enhances the effect of another drug is
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| systemic effect | throughout the entire body
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| topical | are applied to the skin surface or a mucous membrane–lined cavity
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| controlled substances | something you can become addicted to and that is controlled by the law
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| narcotics | natural opioid drugs
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| DEA | Drug Enforcement Administration:
of the Department of Justice was established
to enforce the Controlled Substances Act
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| FDA | Federal Drug Administration:
inspects the facilities
where drugs are made, reviews new drug applications,investigates and removes unsafe drugs from the market,and requires proper labeling of drugs.
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| The Joint Comission | evaluates and accredits approximately
16,000 health care organizations and programs in the
United States.
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| OTC | over-the-counter category of medications that
did not require a prescription
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| PDR | Physicians’ Desk Reference, or PDR. It provides easy access to information on several thousand medications used in medical and surgical practice.
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| USP-NF | UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA AND
NATIONAL FORMULARY
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