Question 1

Absorption

Accepted Answer

the process by which a drug is taken
into the body and moves from the site of administration
into the blood.

Question 2

Adverse effect

Accepted Answer

are undesired, potentially harmful
side effects of drugs.

Question 3

agonist

Accepted Answer

are drugs that bind to or have an affinity
(attraction) for a receptor and cause a particular response

Question 4

antagonist

Accepted Answer

Drugs
that bind to a receptor and prevent a response

Question 5

bioavailability

Accepted Answer

indicates the degree to
which the drug molecule reaches the site of action to exert
its effects.

Question 6

biotechnology

Accepted Answer

the concepts of genetic engineering
and recombinant DNA technology.

Question 7

biotransformation

Accepted Answer

In the liver, the
chemical composition of a drug is changed by

Question 8

bolus

Accepted Answer

fast inffusion of medication

Question 9

contraindication

Accepted Answer

reasons against
giving a particular drug

Question 10

distribution

Accepted Answer

Drug molecules eventually diffuse out of the blood-stream to the site of action i

Question 11

duration

Accepted Answer

The time between onset and disappearance of
drug effects

Question 12

emulsion

Accepted Answer

in which the medication is contained in a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier.

Question 13

enteral

Accepted Answer

indicates that the medication is taken into the gastrointestinal
tract, primarily by mouth (orally).

Question 14

excretion

Accepted Answer

Medications taken into the body are eliminated in the
process called

Question 15

hypersensitivity

Accepted Answer

is an adverse effect resulting
from previous exposure to the drug or a similar drug.

Question 16

idiosyncratic effect

Accepted Answer

rare and unpredictable
adverse reactions to drugs. Most idiosyncratic drug reactions are thought to occur in people with some genetic abnormality, causing either an excessive or an inadequate
response to a drug.

Question 17

indication

Accepted Answer

The reason or purpose for giving a medica-
tion

Question 18

local effect

Accepted Answer

work at the site of application

Question 19

onset

Accepted Answer

The time
between administration of a drug and the first appearance of effects is

Question 20

parenteral

Accepted Answer

any route other
than the digestive tract, the most common of which are
subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous

Question 21

pharmacodynamics

Accepted Answer

examines how the action of the drug affects the body.

Question 22

pharmacokinetics

Accepted Answer

focuses on how the body
processes drugs,

Question 23

plasma protein binding

Accepted Answer

drug molecules
bind to proteins (albumins and globulins) contained in
plasma—the liquid portion of blood—

Question 24

reconstituted

Accepted Answer

to form a solution that can be administered
by injection

Question 25

side effect

Accepted Answer

predictable but unintended effect of a drug. Side effects
are rarely serious,but usually unavoidable.

Question 26

solubility

Accepted Answer

its ability to be dissolved

Question 27

solution

Accepted Answer

is a mixture of drug particles (called the sol-ute) fully dissolved in a liquid medium (called the solvent
such as water or saline).

Question 28

suspension

Accepted Answer

a form in which solid undissolved particles float (are sus-
pended) in a liquid.

Question 29

synergist

Accepted Answer

A drug that enhances the effect of another drug is

Question 30

systemic effect

Accepted Answer

throughout the entire body

Question 31

topical

Accepted Answer

are applied to the skin surface or a mucous membrane–lined cavity

Question 32

controlled substances

Accepted Answer

something you can become addicted to and that is controlled by the law

Question 33

narcotics

Accepted Answer

natural opioid drugs

Question 34

DEA

Accepted Answer

Drug Enforcement Administration:
of the Department of Justice was established
to enforce the Controlled Substances Act

Question 35

FDA

Accepted Answer

Federal Drug Administration:
inspects the facilities
where drugs are made, reviews new drug applications,investigates and removes unsafe drugs from the market,and requires proper labeling of drugs.

Question 36

The Joint Comission

Accepted Answer

evaluates and accredits approximately
16,000 health care organizations and programs in the
United States.

Question 37

OTC

Accepted Answer

over-the-counter category of medications that
did not require a prescription

Question 38

PDR

Accepted Answer

Physicians’ Desk Reference, or PDR. It provides easy access to information on several thousand medications used in medical and surgical practice.

Question 39

USP-NF

Accepted Answer

UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA AND
NATIONAL FORMULARY

Term	Definition
Absorption	the process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood.
Adverse effect	are undesired, potentially harmful side effects of drugs.
agonist	are drugs that bind to or have an affinity (attraction) for a receptor and cause a particular response
antagonist	Drugs that bind to a receptor and prevent a response
bioavailability	indicates the degree to which the drug molecule reaches the site of action to exert its effects.
biotechnology	the concepts of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology.
biotransformation	In the liver, the chemical composition of a drug is changed by
bolus	fast inffusion of medication
contraindication	reasons against giving a particular drug
distribution	Drug molecules eventually diffuse out of the blood-stream to the site of action i
duration	The time between onset and disappearance of drug effects
emulsion	in which the medication is contained in a mixture of water and oil bound together with an emulsifier.
enteral	indicates that the medication is taken into the gastrointestinal tract, primarily by mouth (orally).
excretion	Medications taken into the body are eliminated in the process called
hypersensitivity	is an adverse effect resulting from previous exposure to the drug or a similar drug.
idiosyncratic effect	rare and unpredictable adverse reactions to drugs. Most idiosyncratic drug reactions are thought to occur in people with some genetic abnormality, causing either an excessive or an inadequate response to a drug.
indication	The reason or purpose for giving a medica- tion
local effect	work at the site of application
onset	The time between administration of a drug and the first appearance of effects is
parenteral	any route other than the digestive tract, the most common of which are subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous
pharmacodynamics	examines how the action of the drug affects the body.
pharmacokinetics	focuses on how the body processes drugs,
plasma protein binding	drug molecules bind to proteins (albumins and globulins) contained in plasma—the liquid portion of blood—
reconstituted	to form a solution that can be administered by injection
side effect	predictable but unintended effect of a drug. Side effects are rarely serious,but usually unavoidable.
solubility	its ability to be dissolved
solution	is a mixture of drug particles (called the sol-ute) fully dissolved in a liquid medium (called the solvent such as water or saline).
suspension	a form in which solid undissolved particles float (are sus- pended) in a liquid.
synergist	A drug that enhances the effect of another drug is
systemic effect	throughout the entire body
topical	are applied to the skin surface or a mucous membrane–lined cavity
controlled substances	something you can become addicted to and that is controlled by the law
narcotics	natural opioid drugs
DEA	Drug Enforcement Administration: of the Department of Justice was established to enforce the Controlled Substances Act
FDA	Federal Drug Administration: inspects the facilities where drugs are made, reviews new drug applications,investigates and removes unsafe drugs from the market,and requires proper labeling of drugs.
The Joint Comission	evaluates and accredits approximately 16,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States.
OTC	over-the-counter category of medications that did not require a prescription
PDR	Physicians’ Desk Reference, or PDR. It provides easy access to information on several thousand medications used in medical and surgical practice.
USP-NF	UNITED STATES PHARMACOPEIA AND NATIONAL FORMULARY

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Surgical Pharmacolog