Medical Laboratory Technology
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| anemia | a condition in which the red blood cell count or hemoglobin level is below normal; a condition resulting in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
🗑
|
||||
| anticoagulant | a chemical or substance that prevents blood coagulation
🗑
|
||||
| arteriole | a small branch of an artery leading to a capillary
🗑
|
||||
| artery | a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues
🗑
|
||||
| capillary | a minute blood vessel that connects the smallest arteries to the smallest veins and serves as an oxygen exchange vessel
🗑
|
||||
| cardiopulmonary circulation | the system of blood vessels that circulates blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
🗑
|
||||
| complete blood count (CBC) | a commonly performed grouping of hematological tests
🗑
|
||||
| deoxyhemoglobin | the hemoglobin formed when oxyhemoglobin releases oxygen to tissues
🗑
|
||||
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; an anticoagulant commonly used in hematology
🗑
|
||||
| erythrocyte | red blood cell; RBC
🗑
|
||||
| Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) | an anticoagulant commonly used in hematology
🗑
|
||||
| granulocyte | a white blood cell containing granules in the cytoplasm; any of the neutrophilic
🗑
|
||||
| hematology | the study of blood and the blood-forming tissues
🗑
|
||||
| hematopoietic stem cell | an undifferentiated bone marrow cell that gives rise to blood cells; also called hematopoietic stem cell
🗑
|
||||
| hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb) | the major functional component of red blood cells that is the oxygen-carrying molecule
🗑
|
||||
| hemopoiesis | the process of blood cell formation and development; hematopoiesis
🗑
|
||||
| hemopoietic stem cell | an undifferentiated bone marrow cell that gives rise to blood cells; also called hematopoietic stem cell
🗑
|
||||
| hemostasis | the process of stopping bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| leukemia | a chronic or acute disease involving unrestrained increase in leukocytes
🗑
|
||||
| leukocyte | white blood cell; WBC
🗑
|
||||
| megakaryocyte | a large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived
🗑
|
||||
| oxyhemoglobin | the form of hemoglobin that binds and transports oxygen
🗑
|
||||
| plasma | the liquid portion of blood in which the blood cells are suspended; the straw-colored liquid remaining after blood cells are removed from anticoagulated blood
🗑
|
||||
| platelet | a formed element in circulating blood that plays an important role in blood coagulation; a small disk-shaped fragment of cytoplasm derived from a megakaryocyte; a thrombocyte
🗑
|
||||
| red blood cell (RBC) | blood cell that transports oxygen (O2) to tissues and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the lungs; erythrocyte
🗑
|
||||
| stem cell | an undifferentiated cell
🗑
|
||||
| systemic circulation | the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the heart to the tissues and back to the heart
🗑
|
||||
| thrombocyte | a blood platelet
🗑
|
||||
| vein | a blood vessel that carries deoxygenated blood from the tissues to the heart
🗑
|
||||
| venule | a small vein connecting a capillary to a vein
🗑
|
||||
| white blood cell (WBC) | blood cell that functions in immunity; leukocyte
🗑
|
||||
| aperture | an opening
🗑
|
||||
| electrolyte solution | a solution that contains ions and conducts an electrical current
🗑
|
||||
| femtoliter (fL) | 10^–15 liter
🗑
|
||||
| fluorescent | having the property of emitting light of one wavelength when exposed to light of another wavelength
🗑
|
||||
| histogram | a graph that illustrates the size and frequency of occurrence of articles being studied
🗑
|
||||
| impedance | resistance in an electrical circuit
🗑
|
||||
| index of refraction | the ratio of the velocity of light in one medium
🗑
|
||||
| laser | a narrow, intense beam of light of only one wavelength going in only one direction
🗑
|
||||
| mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) | average red blood cell hemoglobin expressed in picograms (pg); mean corpuscular hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) | comparison of the weight of hemoglobin in a red blood cell to the size of the red blood cell
🗑
|
||||
| mean cell volume (MCV) | average red blood cell volume in a blood sample
🗑
|
||||
| picogram | 10^-12 gram
🗑
|
||||
| red blood cell indices | calculated values that compare the size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells in a blood sample to reference values; erythrocyte indices
🗑
|
||||
| basophilia | abnormal increase in the number of basophils in the blood; basophilic leukocytosis; also
🗑
|
||||
| basophilic stippling | remnants of RNA and other basophilic nuclear material remaining inside the red blood cell after the nucleus is lost from the cell; small purple granules in red blood cells stained with Wright’s stain
🗑
|
||||
| blast cell | an immature blood cell normally found only in the bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
| codocyte | target cell
🗑
|
||||
| crenated cell | a shrunken red blood cell with scalloped or toothed margins
🗑
|
||||
| drepanocyte | sickle cell
🗑
|
||||
| elliptocyte | elongated
🗑
|
||||
| eosinophilia | abnormal increase in the number of eosinophils in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| folic acid | a member of the B vitamin complex
🗑
|
||||
| Howell-Jolly body | nuclear remnant remaining in red blood cells after the nucleus is lost and commonly seen in pernicious anemia and hemolytic anemias
🗑
|
||||
| keratocyte | a red blood cell deformed by mechanical trauma
🗑
|
||||
| leukemia | a cancer of white blood cells characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells and their precursors in bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
| neutrophilia | abnormal increase in the number of neutrophils in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) | an immature red blood cell that has not yet lost its nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| red blood cell indices | calculated values that compare the size and hemoglobin content of red blood cells in a blood sample to reference values; erythrocyte indices
🗑
|
||||
| schizocyte | a fragmented red blood cell; formerly called schistocyte
🗑
|
||||
| shift to the left | the appearance of an increased number of immature neutrophil forms in the peripheral blood
🗑
|
||||
| sickle cell | crescent- or sickle-shaped red cell; drepanocyte
🗑
|
||||
| sickle cell disease | inherited blood disorder in which red blood cells can form a sickle shape because of the presence of hemoglobin S
🗑
|
||||
| stomatocyte | red blood cell with an elongated, mouth-shaped central area of pallor
🗑
|
||||
| target cell | abnormal red blood cell with target appearance; codocyte
🗑
|
||||
| thalassemia | a genetic disorder involving underproduction of the globin chains of hemoglobin and resulting in anemia
🗑
|
||||
| vitamin B12 | a vitamin essential to the proper maturation of blood cells and other cells in the body
🗑
|
||||
| erythropoiesis | the production of red blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| Miller reticle | a reticle that imposes two squares over the field of view and that is used for reticulocyte counts
🗑
|
||||
| reticle | a glass circle etched with a pattern of calibrated grids
🗑
|
||||
| reticulocyte | an immature erythrocyte that still contains RNA remnants in the cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| reticulocytopenia | a decrease below the normal number of reticulocytes in the circulating blood
🗑
|
||||
| reticulocytosis | an increase above the normal number of reticulocytes in the circulating blood
🗑
|
||||
| reticulum | a filamentous network
🗑
|
||||
| ribonucleic acid (RNA) | the nucleic acid that is important in protein synthesis and that is found in all living cells
🗑
|
||||
| supravital stain | a nontoxic dye used to stain living cells or tissues
🗑
|
||||
| acute phase proteins | proteins that increase rapidly in plasma during acute infection and inflammation
🗑
|
||||
| aggregate | the total substances making up a mass; a cluster or clump of particles
🗑
|
||||
| inflammation | a nonspecific protective response to tissue injury that is initiated by the release of chemicals such as histamine and serotonin and the actions of phagocytic cells
🗑
|
||||
| polycythemia | an excess of red blood cells in the peripheral blood
🗑
|
||||
| rouleau(x) | group(s) of red blood cells arranged like a roll of coins
🗑
|
||||
| sedimentation | the process of solid particles settling to the bottom of a liquid
🗑
|
||||
| Westergren pipet | a slender pipet marked from 0 to 200 mm, used in the Westergren erythrocyte sedimentation rate method
🗑
|
||||
| Wintrobe tube | a slender, thick-walled tube used in the Wintrobe erythrocyte sedimentation rate
🗑
|
||||
| azidemethemoglobin | a stable compound formed when azide combines with hemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| cyanmethemoglobin | a stable colored compound formed when hemoglobin is reacted with Drabkin’s reagent; hemiglobincyanide (HiCN)
🗑
|
||||
| Drabkin’s reagent | a hemoglobin diluting reagent that contains iron
🗑
|
||||
| globin | the protein portion of the hemoglobin molecule
🗑
|
||||
| heme | the iron-containing portion of the hemoglobin molecule
🗑
|
||||
| hemiglobincyanide (HiCN) | cyanmethemoglobin
🗑
|
||||
| hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb) | the major functional component of red blood cells that is the oxygen-carrying molecule
🗑
|
||||
| buffy coat | a light-colored layer of white blood cells and platelets that forms on top of the red blood cell layer when a sample of blood is centrifuged or allowed to stand undisturbed
🗑
|
||||
| capillary tube | a slender glass or plastic tube used in laboratory procedures
🗑
|
||||
| hematocrit | the volume of red blood cells packed by centrifugation in a given volume of blood and expressed as a percentage; packed cell volume (PCV)
🗑
|
||||
| microhematocrit | a hematocrit performed in capillary tubes using a small quantity of blood; packed cell volume (PCV)
🗑
|
||||
| microhematocrit centrifuge | an instrument that spins capillary tubes at a high speed to rapidly separate cellular components of the blood from the liquid portion of blood
🗑
|
||||
| packed cell column | the layers of blood cells that form when a tube of whole blood is centrifuged
🗑
|
||||
| cell diluting fluid | a solution used to dilute blood for cell counts
🗑
|
||||
| hemacytometer | a heavy glass slide made to precise specifications and used to count cells microscopically; a counting chamber
🗑
|
||||
| hemacytometer coverglass | a special coverglass of uniform thickness used with a hemacytometer
🗑
|
||||
| micropipet | a pipet that measures or holds 1 mL or less
🗑
|
||||
| anemia | a condition in which the red blood cell count or blood hemoglobin level is below normal; a condition resulting in decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood
🗑
|
||||
| aperture | an opening
🗑
|
||||
| erythrocytosis | an excess of red blood cells in the peripheral blood; sometimes called polycythemia
🗑
|
||||
| hemolysis | the rupture or destruction of red blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| immunity | resistance to disease or infection
🗑
|
||||
| isotonic solution | a solution with the same concentration of dissolved particles as the solution or cell with which it is compared
🗑
|
||||
| leukemia | a cancer of white blood cells characterized by an abnormal increase of white blood cells and their precursors in bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
| leukocytosis | increase above normal in the number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| leukopenia | decrease below normal in the number of leukocytes (white blood cells) in the blood; leukocytopenia
🗑
|
||||
| immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) | a blood disorder characterized by purpura in skin and mucous membranes and low platelet count caused by the destruction of platelet by antiplatelet autoantibodies; also called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.
🗑
|
||||
| petri dish | a shallow, round covered dish made of plastic or glass primarily used to culture microorganisms
🗑
|
||||
| thrombocytopenia | abnormally low number of platelets in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| thrombocytosis | abnormally high number of platelets in the blood; thrombocythemia
🗑
|
||||
| thromboembolism | blockage of a blood vessel by a clot (thrombus) that formed in another vessel
🗑
|
||||
| azurophilic | a term used to describe the reddish-purple staining characteristics of certain cells or cell structures; having an affinity for azure stain
🗑
|
||||
| band cell | an immature granulocyte with a nonsegmented nucleus; a “stab cell”
🗑
|
||||
| basophil | a white blood cell containing basophilic-staining granules in the cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| basophilic | blue in color; having affinity for the basic stain
🗑
|
||||
| eosinophil | a white blood cell containing eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| erythrocyte | red blood cell; RBC
🗑
|
||||
| leukocyte | white blood cell; WBC
🗑
|
||||
| lymphocyte | a small basophilic-staining white blood cell having a round or oval nucleus and playing a vital role in the immune process
🗑
|
||||
| megakaryocyte | a large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived
🗑
|
||||
| monocyte | a large white blood cell usually having a convoluted or horseshoe-shaped nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| neutrophil | a white blood cell containing neutral-staining cytoplasmic granules and a segmented nucleus; also called polymorphonuclear cell (PMN)
🗑
|
||||
| platelet | a formed element in circulating blood that plays an important role in blood coagulation; a small diskshaped fragment of cytoplasm derived from a megakaryocyte; a thrombocyte
🗑
|
||||
| red blood cell (RBC) | blood cell that transports oxygen (O2) to tissues and carbon dioxide (CO2) to the lungs; erythrocyte
🗑
|
||||
| vacuole | a membrane-bound compartment in cell cytoplasm
🗑
|
||||
| white blood cell (WBC) | blood cell that functions in immunity; leukocyte
🗑
|
||||
| anisocytosis | marked variation in the sizes of erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| atypical lymphocyte | lymphocyte that occurs in response to viral infections and that is common in infectious mononucleosis; reactive lymphocyte
🗑
|
||||
| differential count | a determination of the relative numbers of each type of white blood cell when a specified number (usually 100) is counted; white blood cell differential count; leukocyte differential count
🗑
|
||||
| hypochromic | having reduced color or hemoglobin content
🗑
|
||||
| macrocytic | having a larger-than-normal cell size
🗑
|
||||
| microcytic | having a smaller-than-normal cell size
🗑
|
||||
| normochromic | having normal color
🗑
|
||||
| normocytic | having a normal cell size
🗑
|
||||
| phagocytosis | the engulfing of a foreign particle or cell by another cell
🗑
|
||||
| poikilocytosis | significant variation in the shape of red blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| reactive lymphocyte | lymphocyte that occurs in response to viral infections and that is common in infectious mononucleosis; reactive lymphocyte
🗑
|
||||
| adhesion | the act of two parts or surfaces sticking together
🗑
|
||||
| aggregation | the collecting of separate objects into one mass
🗑
|
||||
| arteriosclerosis | abnormal thickening and hardening of the arterial walls causing loss of elasticity and impaired blood circulation
🗑
|
||||
| atherosclerosis | a form of arteriosclerosis in which lipids calcium cholesterol and other substances deposit on the inner walls of the arteries
🗑
|
||||
| coagulation | the process of forming a fibrin clot
🗑
|
||||
| coagulation factors | a group of plasma proteins (and the mineral calcium) involved in blood clotting
🗑
|
||||
| collagen | a protein connective tissue found in skin bone ligaments and cartilage
🗑
|
||||
| Coumadin | an anticoagulant drug derived from coumarin that is administered orally to prevent blood clotting or to reduce the risk of clots; a trade name for warfarin
🗑
|
||||
| D-dimer | the smallest cross-linked fibrin degradation fragment formed from the breakdown of polymerized fibrin by plasmin
🗑
|
||||
| embolus (pl. emboli) | a mass (clot) of blood or foreign matter carried in the circulation
🗑
|
||||
| endothelium | the layer of epithelial cells that lines blood vessels and the serous cavities of the body
🗑
|
||||
| FDPs | fibrinogen or fibrin monomer degradation products formed when plasmin cleaves fibrinogen or fibrin monomers into protein fragments; formerly called fibrin split products
🗑
|
||||
| fibrin | a protein formed from fibrinogen by the action of thrombin
🗑
|
||||
| fibrinogen | a plasma protein produced in the liver and converted to fibrin through the action of thrombin
🗑
|
||||
| fibrinolysis | enzymatic breakdown of a blood clot
🗑
|
||||
| glycoprotein | a protein molecule having a carbohydrate component
🗑
|
||||
| hemorrhage | uncontrolled bleeding
🗑
|
||||
| hemostasis | the process of stopping bleeding which includes clot formation and dissolution
🗑
|
||||
| heparin | an anticoagulant used therapeutically to prevent thrombosis; also used as an anticoagulant in certain laboratory procedures
🗑
|
||||
| inhibitor | a substance that retards or stops a process or chemical reaction
🗑
|
||||
| intravascular | within the blood vessels
🗑
|
||||
| ionized calcium | in the body a mineral that plays an important role in hemostasis
🗑
|
||||
| megakaryocyte | a large bone marrow cell from which platelets are derived
🗑
|
||||
| plasmin | an enzyme that binds to fibrin and initiates breakdown of the fibrin clot (fibrinolysis)
🗑
|
||||
| plasminogen | the inactive precursor of plasmin
🗑
|
||||
| prothrombin | the precursor of thrombin; factor II
🗑
|
||||
| sequestered | isolated or set apart from the whole
🗑
|
||||
| thrombin | a protein formed from prothrombin by the action of thromboplastin and other factors in the presence of calcium ions; factor IIa
🗑
|
||||
| thromboplastin | a lipoprotein found in endothelium and other tissue; coagulation factor III; also called tissue factor
🗑
|
||||
| thrombus (pl. thrombi) | a blood clot that obstructs a blood vessel
🗑
|
||||
| vasoconstriction | narrowing of the diameter of a blood vessel
🗑
|
||||
| warfarin | an anticoagulant drug taken to prevent blood clotting or to reduce the risk of clots
🗑
|
||||
| XDPs | degradation products formed by plasmin action on cross-linked fibrin and containing the D-dimer fragment
🗑
|
||||
| disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | a bleeding disorder characterized by widespread thrombotic and secondary fibrinolytic reactions
🗑
|
||||
| epistaxis | nosebleed
🗑
|
||||
| hemophilia | a bleeding disorder resulting from a hereditary coagulation factor deficiency or dysfunction
🗑
|
||||
| immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) | a blood disorder characterized by purpura in skin and mucous membranes and low platelet count caused by the destruction of platelets by antiplatelet autoantibodies; also called idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
🗑
|
||||
| NSAIDs | acronym for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
🗑
|
||||
| petechiae | small purplish hemorrhagic spots on the skin; very small purpura
🗑
|
||||
| purpura | purple-colored areas that can occur in the skin or mucous membranes or organs and that are caused when small blood vessels leak
🗑
|
||||
| recombinant | referring to molecules or cells created as a result of genetic engineering
🗑
|
||||
| thrombocytopathy | abnormal platelet function
🗑
|
||||
| thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) | a blood disorder with varied causes and characterized by formation of clots in the small vessels and consumption of platelets and skin purpura
🗑
|
||||
| von Willebrand’s disease (vWD) | an inherited platelet disorder associated with decreased platelet adhesion and a bleeding tendency
🗑
|
||||
| activated clotting time (ACT) | a test that assesses the effect of heparin on the ability of blood to clot
🗑
|
||||
| heparin | an anticoagulant used therapeutically to prevent thrombosis; also used as an anticoagulant in certain laboratory procedures
🗑
|
||||
| enzyme | a protein that causes or accelerates changes in other substances without being changed itself
🗑
|
||||
| hypercoagulation | a greater tendency than normal for blood to coagulate
🗑
|
||||
| international normalized ratio (INR) | a way of reporting a prothrombin time that takes into consideration the sensitivity of the prothrombin thromboplastin reagent used and the mean prothrombin time of a normal population
🗑
|
||||
| international sensitivity index (ISI) | a value assigned to each lot of prothrombin thromboplastin reagent to compensate for variations in sensitivities of thromboplastin from different sources
🗑
|
||||
| prothrombin ratio | a comparison of a patient’s prothrombin time result with the mean prothrombin time of a normal population
🗑
|
||||
| prothrombin time test | a coagulation screening test used to monitor oral anticoagulant therapy
🗑
|
||||
| vitamin K | a vitamin essential for production of coagulation factors II VII IX and X
🗑
|
||||
| activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) | the time required for a fibrin clot to form when CaCl2 is added to citrated plasma that has been activated with partial thromboplastin reagent
🗑
|
||||
| partial thromboplastin | the lipid portion of thromboplastin available as a commercial preparation; formerly called cephaloplastin
🗑
|
||||
| D-dimer | the smallest cross-linked fibrin degradation fragment formed from the breakdown of polymerized fibrin by plasmin
🗑
|
||||
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) | occurrence of a thrombus within a deep vein usually of the leg or pelvis
🗑
|
||||
| disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) | a hemostasis emergency characterized by widespread circulatory thrombotic events coexisting with fibrinolytic events
🗑
|
||||
| agglutination | the clumping or aggregation of particulate antigens resulting from reaction with specific antibody
🗑
|
||||
| allergy | a condition resulting from an exaggerated immune response; hypersensitivity
🗑
|
||||
| anamnestic response | rapid increase in blood immunoglobulins following a second exposure to an antigen; also called booster response or secondary response
🗑
|
||||
| antibody (Ab) | protein that is induced by and reacts specifically with a foreign substance (antigen); immunoglobulin
🗑
|
||||
| antigen (Ag) | foreign substance that induces an immune response by causing production of antibodies and or sensitized lymphocytes that react specifically with that substance; immunogen
🗑
|
||||
| autoimmune disease | disease caused when the immune response is directed at one’s own tissues (selfantigens)
🗑
|
||||
| B lymphocyte (B cell) | the type of lymphocyte primarily responsible for the humoral immune response
🗑
|
||||
| cell-mediated immunity | immunity provided by T lymphocytes and cytokines
🗑
|
||||
| complement | a group of plasma proteins that can be activated in immune reactions and can cause cell lysis and can help initiate the inflammatory response
🗑
|
||||
| cytokines | any of various nonantibody proteins secreted by cells of the immune system and that help regulate the immune response; lymphokines
🗑
|
||||
| dendritic cells | cells in lymphoid tissues that form a network to trap foreign antigens
🗑
|
||||
| enzyme immunoassay (EIA) | an assay that uses an enzyme-labeled antibody as a reactant
🗑
|
||||
| epitope | the portion of an antigen that reacts specifically with an antibody; antigenic determinant
🗑
|
||||
| humoral immunity | immunity provided by B lymphocytes and antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| immunocompetent | capable of producing a normal immune response
🗑
|
||||
| immunocompromised | having reduced ability or inability to produce a normal immune response
🗑
|
||||
| immunoglobulins (Ig) | antibodies; proteins that are induced by and react specifically with antigens (immunogens)
🗑
|
||||
| immunology | the branch of medicine encompassing the study of the immune processes and immunity
🗑
|
||||
| immunosuppression | suppression of the immune response by physical or chemical or biological means
🗑
|
||||
| inflammation | a nonspecific protective response to tissue injury that is initiated primarily by the release of chemicals such as histamine and serotonin and by the actions of phagocytic cells
🗑
|
||||
| lymphokines | nonantibody proteins produced by lymphocytes in response to antigen stimulation and that play a role in regulating the immune response; cytokines
🗑
|
||||
| macrophages | long-lived phagocytic tissue cells that are derived from blood monocytes and function in destruction of foreign antigens and serve as antigen-presenting cells
🗑
|
||||
| monoclonal antibody | antibody derived from a single cell line or clone
🗑
|
||||
| plasma cell | a differentiated B lymphocyte that produces antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| polyclonal antibodies | antibodies derived from more than one cell line
🗑
|
||||
| precipitation | formation of an insoluble antigen–antibody complex
🗑
|
||||
| primary lymphoid organs | organs in which B and T lymphocytes acquire their special characteristics (in humans the bone marrow and thymus)
🗑
|
||||
| secondary lymphoid tissue | tissues in which lymphocytes are concentrated such as the spleen and lymph nodes and tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| seroconversion | the appearance of antibody in the serum or plasma of an individual following exposure to an antigen
🗑
|
||||
| serology | the study of antibodies and antigens in serum or plasma using immunological methods
🗑
|
||||
| T lymphocyte (T cell) | the type of lymphocyte responsible for the cell-mediated immune response
🗑
|
||||
| thymus | a gland located in the upper chest that is the primary lymphoid tissue in which lymphocytes mature and acquire T cell characteristics
🗑
|
||||
| titer | in serology the reciprocal of the highest dilution that gives the desired reaction; the concentration of a substance determined by titration
🗑
|
||||
| chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) | a syndrome characterized by prolonged fatigue and other nonspecific symptoms and for which the cause remains unknown
🗑
|
||||
| Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) | a virus that infects lymphocytes and is the cause of infectious mononucleosis
🗑
|
||||
| hepatosplenomegaly | enlargement of the liver and spleen
🗑
|
||||
| heterophile antibodies | a group of multispecific antibodies that are increased in infectious mononucleosis and that react with heterogeneous antigens not responsible for their production
🗑
|
||||
| incubation period | the time elapsed between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of symptoms
🗑
|
||||
| infectious mononucleosis (IM) | a contagious viral disease occurring in primarily the 15- to 25-year-old age-group and caused by infection with Epstein-Barr virus
🗑
|
||||
| latent | dormant; in an inactive or hidden phase
🗑
|
||||
| lymphadenopathy | a condition in which the lymph glands are enlarged or swollen
🗑
|
||||
| lymphocytosis | an increase above the normal number of lymphocytes in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| arthritis | inflammation of the joints due to several causes
🗑
|
||||
| autoantibody | an antibody directed against self (one’s own tissues)
🗑
|
||||
| reciprocal | inverse; one of a pair of numbers (as 2/3 and 3/2) that has a product of one
🗑
|
||||
| rheumatoid arthritis (RA) | an autoimmune disease characterized by pain and inflammation and deformity of the joints
🗑
|
||||
| rheumatoid factors (RFs) | autoantibodies directed against the Fc fragment of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) and often present in the serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
🗑
|
||||
| scleroderma | a systemic or localized autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by a chronic hardening (sclero) of skin (derma) and connective tissue
🗑
|
||||
| Sjögren’s syndrome | a systemic autoimmune disease affecting moisture-producing glands such as tears and sweat and saliva glands but also affecting organs
🗑
|
||||
| synovial | of or relating to the lubricating fluid of the joints
🗑
|
||||
| agglutination inhibition | interference with or prevention of agglutination
🗑
|
||||
| ectopic pregnancy | development of fetus outside the uterus; extrauterine pregnancy
🗑
|
||||
| hemagglutination | the agglutination of red blood cells
🗑
|
||||
| human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | the hormone of pregnancy produced by the placenta; also called uterine chorionic gonadotropin (uCG)
🗑
|
||||
| implantation | attachment of the early embryo to the uterus
🗑
|
||||
| teratogenic | relating to a substance or agent capable of leading to birth defects by causing change or harm to a fetus or embryo or interfering with normal fetal development
🗑
|
||||
| trophoblastic | relating to embryonic nutritive tissue
🗑
|
||||
| American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) | international association that sets blood bank standards accredits blood banks and promotes high standards of performance in the practice of transfusion medicine
🗑
|
||||
| apheresis | the process of removing a specific component such as platelets from donor blood and returning the remaining blood components to donor circulation
🗑
|
||||
| blood bank | clinical laboratory department where blood components are tested and stored until needed for transfusion; also called immunohematology department or transfusion services; the refrigerated unit used for storing blood components
🗑
|
||||
| immunohematology | the study of the human blood groups; in the clinical laboratory often called blood banking or transfusion services
🗑
|
||||
| transplant | living tissue placed into the body; the placing of living tissue into the body
🗑
|
||||
| allele | one of two (or more) forms of a gene responsible for genetic variation
🗑
|
||||
| antiserum | serum that contains antibodies
🗑
|
||||
| blood bank | clinical laboratory department where blood components are tested and stored until needed for transfusion; also called immunohematology department or transfusion services; the refrigerated unit used for storing blood components
🗑
|
||||
| blood group antibody | a protein (immunoglobulin) that reacts specifically with a blood group antigen
🗑
|
||||
| blood group antigen | a substance or structure on the red blood cell membrane that stimulates antibody formation and reacts with that antibody
🗑
|
||||
| codominant | in genetics a gene that is expressed in the heterozygous state that is in the presence of a different allelic gene
🗑
|
||||
| forward grouping | the use of known antisera (antibodies) to detect unknown antigens on a patient’s cells; forward typing; direct grouping
🗑
|
||||
| genes | segments of DNA that code for specific proteins and that are the structural units of heredity
🗑
|
||||
| histocompatibility testing | assays to determine if donor and recipient tissue are compatible
🗑
|
||||
| human leukocyte antigen (HLA) | one of several antigens present on leukocytes and other body cells that are important in transplant rejection
🗑
|
||||
| major histocompatibility complex (MHC) | the group of genes responsible for producing antigens such as HLA that are important in organ and tissue transplants
🗑
|
||||
| reverse grouping | the use of known cells (antigens) to identify unknown antibodies in the patient’s serum or plasma
🗑
|
||||
| serological centrifuge | a centrifuge that spins small tubes such as those used in blood banking; serofuge
🗑
|
||||
| allele | one of two (or more) forms of a gene responsible for genetic variation
🗑
|
||||
| anti–human globulin test | a sensitive test that uses a commercial anti-human globulin reagent to detect human globulin coated on red blood cells; antiglobulin test; Coombs’ test
🗑
|
||||
| feto-maternal hemorrhage (FMH) | the occurrence of fetal blood cells entering into the maternal circulation before or during delivery
🗑
|
||||
| genotype | the genetic makeup of a cell or organism
🗑
|
||||
| hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) | a condition in which maternal antibody targets fetal red blood cells for destruction
🗑
|
||||
| phenotype | the observable characteristics in a cell or organism as determined both by genetic makeup and environmental factors
🗑
|
||||
| Rh D immune globulin (RhIG) | a concentrated purified solution of human anti-D antibody used for injection
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
karenzahoruk
Popular Laboratory Science sets