Questions from "Digestive System" notes. # b4 answer=page of notes
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| IMMEDIATE structure formed by union of the common bile and main pancreatic ducts. | ## Hepatopancreatic ampulla
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| Name given to the horizontal fold of mucosa under tongue; it also has numerous small ducts opening along its surface. | ## Sublingual fold
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| Give the data asked for with the following muscles: a) styloglossus (action) b) inferior constrictor (origin) c) salpingopharyngeus (origin) | 69 a) Elevates and retracts tongue 71 b) Laryngeal cartilage 72 c) Auditory tube
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| Give the data asked for with the following: a) genioglossus (origin) | 69 a) Superior mental spines (genial tubercles)
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| Give the data asked for with the following: b) retracts and elevates the tongue (muscle) | 69 b) Styloglossus
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| Give the data asked for with the following: f) palatoglossus (innervation) | 70 f) Pharyngeal plexus (CN XI via X)
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| What is/are the action(s) of the: b) circular mm. of the pharynx. | 71 b) Contract pharynx
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| Give the data asked for with the following: c) origin is horns of hyoid, insertion is posterior median raphe (muscle) | 71 c) Middle constrictor m.
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| Give the upper and lower boundries of the laryngopharynx. | 71 Hyoid (C3) -> Lower boarder of cricoid cartilage (C6)
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| What is/are the action(s) of the: a) longitudinal mm. of the pharynx? | 72 a) Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing
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| List two areas where the esophagus (NOT the gastroesophageal junction) is constricted | 72 Cricoid cartilage (behind), aortic arch (Others: left primary bronchus, esophageal hiatus)
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| Give the data asked for with the following: d) salpingopharyngeus (insertion) | 72 d) Palatopharyngeus m.
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| Give the data asked for with the following muscles: d) palatopharyngeus (innervation) e) stylopharyngeus (innervation) | 72 d) Pharyngeal plexus (CN XI via X) e) Glossopharyngeal n. (CN IX)
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| Give the data asked for with the following: e) palatopharyngeus (innervation) | 72 e) Pharyngeal plexus (CN XI via X)
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| Muscle that forms the arch posterior to palatine tonsil. | 72 Palatopharyngeus
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| During degulutition, area through which food is diverted by the epiglottis (BE SPECIFIC). | 72 Piriform recess
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| Describe the difference between an anatomical and physiological sphincter. | 73 Anatomical sphincter: Contains area of thickened smooth circular muscle over area (seen in autopsy), Physiological sphincter: Contains area of normal smooth circular muscle over area (not seen in autopsy)
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| How does one anatomically separate the pylorus from the body of stomach? | 73 Draw a vertical line through the angular notch of the stomach
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| Part of pylorus next to body of stomach. | 73 Pyloric antrum
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| Define the specific boundaries of the 2nd part of the duodenum (descending portion). Also name any structures specifically associated with these part as mentioned in class. | 74 From superior -> inferior duodenal flexure. Contains hepatopancreatic ampulla with sphincter of Oddi that opens into duodenum via the major duodenal papilla (may also have minor pancreatic duct and minor dudodenal papilla).
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| Concerning the 3rd part (horizontal portion) of the duodenum, give the boundaries and any associated structures as mentioned in lecture. | 74 Inferior duodenal flexure -> ascending portion (of duodenum). Superior mesenteric a. and v. passing anteriorly
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| Besides the ileum being longer, having Peyer’s patches, and narrower lumen, compare the jejunum with the ileum. Give 4 STRUCTURAL differences mentioned in lecture. | 74 Jejunum has: thicker walls, larger villi, more vascularity, more/larger plicae circulares (Others: less complex arterial arcades, & longer, larger, less numerous vasa rectae)
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| Vasa recta of the jejunum when compared with the ileum are (circle one) a) shorter or longer and b) less numerous or more numerous? | 74 Larger, Longer & Less numerous
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| structure which helps hold duodenojejunal flexure in place. | 74 Ligament of Treitz
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| Give the specific upper and lower boundaries of the sigmoid colon. Do NOT use five certain viscera as your answer. | 75 Upper pelvic brim -> Rectum at S3
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| Located in rectum and made of mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa. | 75 Valves of Houston (transverse rectal folds)
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| Define the following: Be SPECIFIC and COMPLETE! a) omental bursa | 76 a) Greater peritoneal sac diverticulum located behind the stomach containing both a superior and inferior recess (aka lesser sac)
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| Define the following terms: a) retroperitoneal | 76 a) organs that lie DEEP to partietal peritoneum
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| Define the following terms: c) peritoneal cavity | 76 c) Potential space between parietal and visceral peritoneum
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| Define the limits of the clinical anal canal. | 76 Pectinate line -> anus
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| Define the following: Be SPECIFIC and COMPLETE! c) mesentery | 77 c) Double layer of serous membranes
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| Define the following terms: b) coronary ligament | 78 b) Surrounding bare area of liver, extending from liver to diaphragm
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| Define the following: Be SPECIFIC and COMPLETE! b) triangular ligaments | 78 b) Where the ant. and post. coronary ligs. of liver meet at their lateral extremities (lateral edges of the bare area of liver)
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| Besides impressions for the stomach and gallbladder, the liver has impressions for (give 4) the following: NO FISSURES! | 78 Duodenum, right colic flexure, right kidney, right suprarenal (adrenal) gland
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| Describe medial and lateral boundaries of the quadrate lobe of the liver. | 78 Lat = gallbladder, Med = fissure for ligamentum teres hepatis
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| Ligament into which the tail of the pancreas extends. | 79 Splenorenal ligament
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| Vertical fold of mucosa in median plane of mouth extending between lips and gums. | 81 Labial frenulum
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| Vertical fold of mucosa in median plane of mouth; extends between the inferior surface of the tongue and the floor of the mouth. | 81 Lingual frenulum
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| Structure that covers most of surface of root of tongue. | 81 Lingual tonsils
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| The permanent _________ replace the deciduous molars. | 82 Bicuspids
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| Name in correct sequence (from front to back) the permanent teeth (name each individual tooth). | 82 Central incisor, lateral incisor, cuspid (canine), 1st bicuspid (premolar), 2nd bicuspid (premolar), 1st molar, 2nd molar, 3rd molar (wisdom teeth)
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| Name in correct sequence (from front to back) the DECIDUOUS (baby) teeth. | 82 Central incisor, lateral incisor, cuspid (canine), 1st molar, 2nd molar
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| Write the DENTAL FORMULA. You must use the formula to receive credit. | 82 I 2/2 + C 1/1 + B 2/2 + M 3/3 = 16
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| The _______ opens into the mouth via a small papilla near the upper 2nd molar. | 82 Partotid duct
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| Duct that runs anteriorly to open into the floor of the mouth as a small caruncle just lateral to the lingual frenulum. | 82 Submandibular duct
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| Type of roots (morphology) usually present on mandibular molars. | 83 Bifurcated
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| Name given to center of tooth; contains vessels, nerves, etc | 83 Pulp cavity
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| Covers the root of a tooth and attaches it to the surrounding tissues of the alveolar socket; it resembles bone. | 84 Cement
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| SPECIFICALLY, how does a structure become secondarily retroperitoneal? | 76 Dorsal mesentery fuses with parietal peritoneum of posterior abdominal wall
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