Language and Learning Disabilities in Children
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| List and Define 3 types of nonverbal social behaviors | Facial Expressions, Gestures and Eye gaze
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| List 3 examples of higher order cognition | Problem solving, Critical thinking, Brainstorming
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| What is scaffolding? | Scaffolding is an instructional technique whereby the teacher models the desired learning strategy or task, then gradually shifts responsibility to the students.
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| List 3 examples of intervention for temporal-sequential ordering | Graphic organizer, visual schedule, checklists
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| What are 2 interventions for discourse production/sentence form comprehension? | Proof reading & story re-tell
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| List different types of language | Receptive and Expressive
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| Students who don't use rehearsal strategies fail to _____________ ? | Subvocalize
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| This is the system of rules for combining units of meaning to convey specific ideas | Grammar
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| A child with spatial deficits will have difficulties with what 2 things? | Organization & Time management
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| What are the writing stages? | 1. Imitation
2. Graphic Presentation
3. Progressive Incorporation
4. Automatization
5. Elaboration
6. Personalization
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| What is episodic memory? | It is the collection of past personal experiences that occurred at a particular time and place.
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| What is short term memory? | Holds info for short amount of time & sends info to long term memory for further use
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| An artist with poor handwriting will have good ____ but poor ____ | Good- Fine motor skills
Bad- Graphomotor skills
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| What is used as an intervention strategy for social skills/cognition? | Role playing & social skills
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| Name a neuro-motor syndrome | Dysgraphia
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| ___________ teach vocabulary and higher order cognition |
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| For poor recall skills a teacher can tests using __________________ | Multiple Choice Test
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| List 2 main categories of Reading | Decoding and Language Comprehension
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| Language that go beyond sentences are? | Discourse
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| Weak sentence formation is caused by? | Poor syntax skills
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| Strong sentence formation is caused by? |
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| What is the primary goal of the SLP? | Advocate, increase language skills & improve overall communication
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| _______________ don't use figurative and pronominal ambiguity | Recurrent Themes
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| _______________ involves all constructs | Writing
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| List 3 accommodations to recommend to teachers | Preferential seating, preview, adjust rate & clarify
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| What are 3 components of demystification? | Infusion of optimism, destigmitization & work on strengths/weaknesses
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| What are 3 functions of attention? | Mental energy controls, processing controls, production controls
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| What is LIPS? | Lindenmood Bell Phonemic sequencing program
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| What are 2 types of phonemic awareness programs? | Ear-robics & Fast forward
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| What deficit does a leaky reader have? | Deficit in active working memory
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| Considering options before acting, thinking & then choosing the best strategy that would lead to the desired outcome is... | Facilitation and Inhibition
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| What are 3 parts of word analysis? | 1. Phonology
2. Morphology
3. Context
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| What are the 7 elements of demystification? | Infusion of optimism, alliance formation, destigmatization, defining areas of strength, defining affinities, defining areas in need of improvement, presenting a management plan
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| Violation of canonical order is what? | First noun in a noun-verb-noun sequence need not be the actor (i.e.:The black dog was chased by the red fox)
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| What is violation of order of mention? | Order of actions in a sentence may not correspond to the actual order of events (Feed the dog after you wash your hands)
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| What is understanding subject parallel function? | A noun may be the subject of both clauses in a sentence ( the girl who borrowed the book showed it to her mother)
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| what is understanding object parallel function? | A noun may be the object of both clauses in a sentence (the teacher knows the boy who was chased by that dog)
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| What is violation of the minimal distance principle? | The noun closest to an infinitive does not have to be the object of that infinitive ( Mary promised Jane to buy the flowers)
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| What is pronomial ambiguity? | A pronoun does not always stand for a name in the same sentence (Jim thinks he is a fast runner)
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| What is the use of distal pronomial referents? | A pronoun may be remote from the noun it represents (jack was told to look for a toy among all the ones in the box and bring it inside)
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| Pragmatic Understanding is what? | The true intent of a sentence may not always parallel its literal interpretation (can you pass the beans?)
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| What is question comprehension? | There can be subtle differences between who what why when and which questions (when did you get angry vs why did you get angry?)
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| What is sentence ambiguity? | A sentence may have more than one possible interpretation (its too hot to eat)
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| What is figurative interpretation? | A sentence may not correspond to its most literal meaning (sandy saw the light)
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| What is inference drawing? | The interpretation of a sentence may have implicit meaning (there he goes again)
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| What is anaphora? | The meaning of a sentence may depend completely on one that preceded it (jake likes popcorn. susie loves it.)
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| What is cataphora? | The meaning of a sentence may depend completely on one that follows it. (Betsey had a great time. She loves to go to the movies)
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| What is an ellipsis? | A word needed for good grammatical construction may be omitted from a sentence or between sentences.
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| Linguistic Saliency determination is what? | There is a need to know what is most important or meaningful while processing discourse (summarizing, taking notes, studying for a test)
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| Extended discourse re-synthesis is what? | The beginning of discourse must be retained in active working memory while processing its ending (i.e. retelling a story narrative)
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| What is sensitivity to text structures? | Different paragraphs have specific organizational structures whose recognition facilitates processing (compare and contrast lists vs a list)
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| Weaving in the 7 elements of demystification in conversation will eventually build what? | Resiliency
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| What are the 3 domains of impact that attention control systems affect? | Cognition/academic performance, behavioral adaptation, social/interpersonal effectiveness
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| What are the three highly related attention controls? | Mental Energy controls, processing controls, production controls
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| What are mental energy controls? | In attention, they regulate the initial flow, allocation and maintenance of an energy supply necessary to foster alertness and facilitate the exertion of effort.
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| What are processing controls? | In attention, this is the regulation of intake of information as well as further interpretation
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| What are production controls? | They oversee the minds output
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| List the 4 parts of mental energy controls | alertness, mental effort, sleep/arousal balance, performance consistency
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| List the 5 parts of processing controls | saliency determination, depth/detail processing, cognitive activation, focal maintenance, satisfaction level
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| List the 5 parts of production controls | previewing, facilitation/inhibition, pacing, self monitoring, reinforceability
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| What is depth/detail processing? | Concentrate on incoming info to transfer to long term memory. don't process info they hear
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| what is cognitive activation? | passive processors
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| what is facilitation/inhibition? | think about their options and choose the best one
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| what is reinforceability? | Use previous experience to guide current behavior
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| What is temporal sequential ordering and what are the 6 functions of it? | The sequencing of data organization and integration throughout the cognitive process. Sequential awareness, sequential perception, sequential memory, sequential output, time management and higher sequential thinking
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| What is spatial ordering and what are the 6 functions of it? | Allows for the arrangement/organization of information in space. Spatial awareness, spatial perception, spatial memory, spatial output, material management, higher spatial thinking
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| What are the 3 parts of memory and describe each | Short term memory: info retained in the brain thats retrievable for a short period of time; active working memory: info held in the mind temporarily while working to understand ideas more fully; long term memory: permanent storage of knowledge, skills
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| What are the 3 parts of short term memory? | Saliency determination, recoding, depth/detail processing
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| What are the 4 parts of active working memory? | Idea maintenance, task completion maintenance, proximal/distal planning, short term to long term memory linkage
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| What are the 9 parts of long term memory? | consolidation, paired association storage, procedure storage, rule/pattern/schema storage, category storage, access, association, pattern recognition/method transfer. recall
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| What are the 3 parts of reading analysis? | 1.phonological word analysis: segmenting words into phonemes
2. structural word analysis: using morphemes, prefixes, suffixes to help decode and increase knowledge of word meaning
3. contextual word analysis: context clues help derive word meaning
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| what are the 6 parts of writing? | Imitiation, graphic presentation, progressive incorporation, automatization, elaboration, personalization
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| What are the 3 neuromotor functions? | Gross motor, fine motor & graphomotor
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| What does graphomotor function invove? | Motor output of writing- previsualization, graphomotor memory, graphomotor production, feedback
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| What are the 2 functions of social cognition? | Verbal pragmatics and social behaviors
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| What does higher order cognition do? | Helps student integrate ideas/facts and solve complex problems
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| What are 5 different types of higher order cognition? | concept formation, critical thinking, creativity, brainstorming, problem solving, rule use, reasoning/logical thinking, mental representation
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| What are some other construct deficits that may impact reading negatively? | Attention deficits, visual processing weakness, language disabilities, memory deficiencies, higher order cognitive weakness
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| What are some management techniques for reading? | Read to kids daily, tailor teaching methods to individual, underlining, shorter sessions, previewing, drilling, flow charts
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| What are some management strategies for writing? | adjusting amount of writing, allocating extra time, setting priorities, brain storming, structured guidelines, semantic mapping,
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| What are some accommodations and modifications for graphomotor dysfunctions? | Optimum set up for writing, practice letters through tactile therapy, break up writing assignments into smaller tasks
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| What is code switching? | The ability to modify the way of speaking for different audiences
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| What is topic selection/maintenance? | the ability to know what to talk about/ when and how long to keep it up
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| What is humor regulation? | The ability to understand humor and use it appropriately
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| What is conversational technique? | The ability to engage in a two way discussion and share communication
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| What is self marketing? | Presenting oneself to peers in a socially acceptable way
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| What are some management techniques for social cognition? | Teach nonverbal cues, Role play, Examine consequences, use skits or short stories
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| What are some modifications for higher order cognition? | cognitive modeling, external guidance, overt self guidance
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| What is metacognition? | Thinking about the brains own processing/ examine own thinking process
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| What are some management techniques for memory? | Active recoding (making charts), summarizing, paraphrasing, subvocalizing, multi-modal learning, to do list
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| What are some management strategies for attention? | preferential seating, chunking, frequent breaks,regulate sleep cycle, paraphrasing, summarizing, underlining/circling, time limits,flowchart, previewing, time management, schedules
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