AQA AS PE Open & Closed Loop Control
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| Skilful play within a game relies on effective information processing. According to Adam's closed loop theory, two pieces of information called traces are used to control movement. Name these two traces. | Memory trace and Perceptual trace
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| Describe how the memory trace (MT) and perceptual trace (PT) are used to produce skilled movement. | MT-initiates movement
MT-based on experience
PT-controls current movement
Learning involves development of PT through feedback.
Traces compared-Match-movement continues/Mismatch-corrections (during performance)
Adjusted MT = new motor programme
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| What are the characteristics of an open loop control system? | Pre-planned/well learnt movement/
without conscious control
Once initiated no modification
No feedback during movement/only after movement
Very quick/limited time/ballistic
movements
Carried out in a stable environment/closed skills.
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| Explain why an open loop control system is not applicable to all types of skills. | Too many stored movements required for memory capacity
Not all environments are stable
Cannot accommodate new skills
Cannot accommodate flexible movement pattern
Not applicable to open skills
Many skills have time for feedback
during performance
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