Phonemic Bases test one
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| Speech | How we use our lips, tongue, and teeth to make the sounds of our language
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| Idiolect | each unique, individual way of speaking
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| Language | the communication of thoughts and feelings through a system of arbitrary signals such as sounds, gestures or written symbols
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| Linguistics | Study of language
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| Regional dialect | different usage patterns within a language determined by location
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| Class dialect | different usage patterns within a language determined by status
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| Morpheme | the smallest meaningful unit of language
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| Morphology | the study of morphemes
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| Phoneme | smallest unit of language that helps for larger units
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| allophone | variant of a phoneme- sounds different when combined
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| minimal pairs | morphemes that differ by one sound and have different meanings (tall, call; wing, sing)
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| phonetics | study of how speech sounds are produced and their acoustic properties
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| dimensions of consonants | place, manner, voice
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| Bilabial (P) | 2 lips: b, p, m, w
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| Labiotental (P) | lips and teeth: f, v
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| Linguadental (P) | tongue and teeth: th
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| Alveolar (P) | tongue to aveolar ridge: d, t, z, s, n, l
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| Palatal (P) | tongue and any palate: 'zjuh', sh, j/g, ch, r
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| Velar (P) | back of tongue to back of palate: g, k, ng, j
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| Glottal (P) | made by glottis: h
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| Stop (M) | 2 articularors contact each other and momentarily block the flow of air: p, b, d, t, g, k
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| Fricative (M) | 2 articulators close but do not touch- air forced through: f,s, th, v, sh, z, s, h
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| Afficative (M) | comination of stop and fricative: ch, 'zjuh'
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| Nasal (M) | block oral cavity and force air through the nose: m, n, ng
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| Glide (M) | smoothly shifting tongue from one position to another: w, j
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| Liquid (M) | tongue forms a loose blockage in the oral cavity: r, l
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| International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) | universal- written sounds of speech for any language
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| Dimensions of vowels | tongue height, tongue advancement, tenseness, lip rounding
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| tenseness | muscle activity in the tongue
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| Components of the laryngeal system | trachea, larynx, vocal folds
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| Trachea | connents the lungs to the larynx
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| Vocal folds | pair of muscle and tissue within the larynx that vibrate to produce voice
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| Abducted | vocal folds are open
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| Adducted | Vocal folds are closed
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| 3 major air cavities of the supralaryngeal system | oral, nasal, pharyngeal
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| Articulation | way of modifying airstream/joining together of articulators to produce phonemes
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| Velum | part of palate that blocks the nasal cavity; the soft palate- determines direction sound will flow
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| Jaw | mandible; contributes to movememts of tongue and lips
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| Tongue tip | apex, front
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| Tongue body | majority of the tongue
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| Tongue dorsum | back of tongue
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| Tongue blade | behind tip
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| Tongues roof | Fron wall of pharyngeal cavity
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| Coarticulation | production of a sound is influenced by the sounds around it
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| Coarticulation- forward | anticipatory- show, and
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| Coarticulation- backward | retentive- me
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| Structures of the Central Nervous System | Spinal Cord and Brain
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| Brain | housed and protected by the skin, controls behavior, covered by the cortex
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| bumps on the brain | gyrus/gyri
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| grooves of the brain | sulcus/sulci/fissures
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| Left hemisphere | speech, language, hearing, analytical
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| Right hemisphere | interpret, appreciate art, express emotion, understand spatial relations, see whole picture
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| Frontal lobe | most anterior, boundaries are central sulcus and lateral sulcus
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| Frontal lobe responsible for | motor functions and executive functions
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| Broca's area | in frontal lobe, involved in speech production, activates speaking muscles and phonation
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| Parietal lobe | central fissure to occipital lobe
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| Parietal lobe responsible for: | tactile processing and integration
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| Temporal lobe | lies under lateral fissure, extending forward from the occipital lobe to the temporal pole
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| temporal lobe houses | heschel's gyrus and wernicke's area
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| heschel's gyrus and wernicke's area | located in temporal lobe, invovled in speech perception
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| occipital lobe | positioned at the back of the brain
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| occipital lobe related to | visual perception
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| insual | area of cortex not visible on surface- deep in lateral sulcus
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| cranial nerves part of | peripheral nervious system
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| cranial nerves origionate on | brain stem
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| 1. Olfactory type | sensory
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| 1. Olfactory function | relay impulese of smell to brain
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| 2. Optic nerve type | sensory
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| 2. Optic nerve function | relay information from eyes to occipital lobe
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| 3. Occulomotor type | mixed
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| 3. Occulomotor function | move muscles of eyes for fixation or tracking
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| 4. Trochlear type | mixed
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| 4. Trochlear function | sensory information to brain, from brain to eyes, controls movement of eyes up and down
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| 5. Trigeminal type | mixed
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| 5. Trigeminal function | sensory from face to brain, muscles of mastication, tense palate, open eustasian tube, largest of nerves
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| 6. Abducens type | mixed
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| 6. Abducens function | move eye laterally
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| 7. Facial type | mixed
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| 7. Facial function | muscles of facial expression, produces tears and saliva, taste sensation to brain
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| 8. Vestibulo type | sensory
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| 8. Vestibulo function | relay information about timing and intesity of sound location
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| 9. Glossopharyngeal type | mixed
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| 9. Glossopharyngeal function | relay taste, move pharynx
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| 10. Vegas type | mixed
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| 10. Vegas function | relay taste and touch sensation, move tongue, pharynx, soft palate, esophogus
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| 11. Spinal Accessory type | motor
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| 11. Spinal Accessory function | energy to pharynx, larynx, and palate, shrug and tilt head
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| 12. Hypoglossal type | motor
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| 12. Hypoglossal function | chew, swallow speech, sucking
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Created by:
rubytuesday
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