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Thorax anatomy and injuries from the book Fundamentals of Athletic Training

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Answer
show Connects mouth and nasal passages to trachea or esophagus- epiglottis closes over trachea when food is swalloed  
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Carotid Artery   show
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show Takes deoxygenated blood back to heart/away from brain  
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show Deliver oxygenated blood to body  
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show Take deoxygenated blood back to heart  
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Heart   show
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How blood goes through body involving 4 parts of heart   show
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Lungs   show
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show Tube allowing air flow- connected to larynx and lungs  
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Larynx   show
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show Tube that moves food from mouth to stomach  
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Diaphragm   show
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show Jagged, irregular cut in the neck region Must apply direct pressure, monitor for shock, and send to ER  
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show Severe blow to area causing tear in tracheal rings Difficulty breathing, gasping for air, spitting up blood, pain, difficulty talking, anxiety, and cyanosis Ice over the area, spine board and transport  
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Rib Fracture   show
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show Air in pleural cavity causing lung to move to center, putting pressure on other long Traumatic= rib puncture, gun shot, severe laceration Non-traumatic= weakness of lung tissue  
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Spontaneous Pneumothorax   show
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show Air leaks out of collapsed lung into chest cavity causing other lung to press against organs, trachea is moved to side of injury (respiratory distress), and heart must work harder to maintain blood flow Excessive respiratory distress, absent breath sound  
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show Multiple rib fractures Extreme pain, anxiety, cyanosis and difficulty breathing Place pillow or sandbag around ribs to keep from moving- risk of puncture, place on affected side, monitor for shock, send to ER  
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show Blood in chest cavity from internal injury- blood puts pressure on lungs and heart has reduced normal function Difficulty breathing, sweating, shock, weak, rapid pulse, cyanosis, possible unconsciousness Control breathing, transport to ER, CPR if help d  
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show Quick, deep breathing (more than 24 bpm) leading to abnormal loss of CO2 from blood Feeling lightheaded, numbness in toes, fingers, and lips, loss of consciousness Calm the person and encourage normal breathing  
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show Throat protectors, shoulder pads, chest protectors, sternal pads, PADDING ON WALLS/TABLES/FENCES  
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show Contains most of the vital organs; surrounded by lumbar spine posteriorly, diaphragm superiorly, abdominal muscles anteriorly, and pelvis inferiorly; four quadrants, upper and lower left and right  
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show Gallbladder, liver, right kidney, NO LARGE INTESTINE, head of pancreas  
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Left upper quadrants   show
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show Right ovary and uterus OR prostate, bladder  
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Lower left quadrant   show
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Hollow Organs   show
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show Aid in body chemistry, injury= rapid death from bleeding; include pancreas, gallbladder, liver, kidneys, and spleen  
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show LUQ Secretes gastric juices that partially break down food before entering intestines  
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show RUQ (left lobe in LUQ) Detoxifies chemicals, stores bile, assists in food metabolism  
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show RUQ Produces bile which helps digest fat  
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show LUQ (head in RUQ) Produces insulin (regulates metabolism of glucose and other nutrients) and enzymes for digestion  
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show NOT LLQ Break down food  
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Large Intestines   show
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Appendix   show
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show LUQ Regulates red blood cells  
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Kidneys   show
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show UQ Attached to kidney, passes urine to bladder  
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Bladder   show
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Ovaries   show
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Uterus   show
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show LQ Add fluid and nutrients to seminal fluid  
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Rectus Abdominus   show
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Obliques   show
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Spleen Rupture   show
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show Occurs during deceleration, i.e. running into a wall; pancreas wall shifts forward and tears Abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, signs of shock ER- if ruptured, must be repaired  
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Kidney Injury   show
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show A lump of tissue bulging through abdominal wall caused by a tear in the wall usually from an increase in pressure May or may not feel pain Must be surgically repaired; if not, bulge can get stuck, causing strangulation, or cut off of blood supply to the  
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show Caused by blow to RUQ Pain over area or pain radiating to the right shoulder and shock (weak, rapid pulse and a decrease in blood pressure) Refer to physician immediately  
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show Blow to LLQ, causing urine to leak to surrounding area Painful urination, hematuria (blood in pee) and sometimes shock Refer to physician for evaluation  
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show Pain in upper abdominal region; theories include lack of 02 to abdominal muscles, improper breathing technique, bad eating before exercise, air trapped in abdominal organs, and/or muscle spasms Treatment: reverse those possible theories; side bend away f  
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show Column used to support upright posture when walking, has four parts from top to bottom: cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (fused) (5)  
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show Lie between vertebrae, functions: absorb shock, resist compression, provide space for nerves to exit spinal cord, and separate vertebrae to allow movement, consist of nucleus pulposus (jellylike core) and annulus fibrosus (several layers of cartilage)  
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Rectus Abdominus   show
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Obliques   show
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show Muscle used for trunk extension  
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show Muscle used for scapular elevation, retraction and depression  
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show Muscle used for cervical flexion  
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show Cervical side bend and rotation  
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Normal Posture   show
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Forward Head Posture   show
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Kyphosis (think Shrek)   show
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Lordosis   show
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show Excessive side to side curvature of the spine  
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Lumbar Ligament Injury   show
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show Stress fracture or bone degeneration of vertebrae (lamina, thin plate of bone) caused by too much extension  
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show Vertebral body slipping forward Lumbar brace and extensive strengthening to help keep spine neutral  
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show Compression causing the nucleus pulposus to push through annulous fibrosus Disk often boulges posteriorly, which may cause it to press against nerve Numbness, tingling and pain down the leg if disk pushes on nerve and lower back pain is increased with s  
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Cervical Ligament Injury   show
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show Hyperflexion or hyper extension Muscle spasm, pain, restricted ROM, weakness against resistance and tenderness along muscle Ice, neck brace, rest, ROM exercises and strengthening exercises (isometrics)  
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Cervical Bone Injury   show
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show Cervical Injury- excessive sidebend Burning, tingling, sting and numbing sensation down the arm Neck strengthening, R"OM stretching and neck roll  
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Preventing Spinal Injuries   show
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Shoulder   show
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show Consists of subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor and supraspinatus (SITS); infraspinatus and teres minor responsible for external rotation, subscapularis responsible for inner rotation, and supraspinatus responsible for abduction  
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Deltoid   show
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Pectoralis major and minor   show
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show Flexes shoulder and elbow  
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Tricep   show
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show Should injury from impact to top of shoulder or falling on an outstretched arm Point tenderness and discomfort, pain with horizontal adduction, more serious cases = noticeable deformity (piano key) Ice and compression, joint mobilization, flexibility an  
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show Compression of supraspinatus tendon, subacromial bursa, and long head of bicep tendon under coracoacromial arch Most often with repetitive overhead activities- throwing, swimming, serving (balls), related to shoulder instability Swelling, painful arc fr  
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Bicep Tendinitis   show
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show Direct blow or severe contractional force Loud pop, sudden intense pain at point of injury, protruding bulge, and inability to flex or supnate the forearm Ice, sling, refer to physician  
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show Fall on outstretched arm or tip of shoulder or direct impact- generally in middle 1/3 of bone Supporting arm of injured side, head tilted toward injured side, swelling, point tenderness, deformity, and shoulders are uneven heights Sling, refer to physic  
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show Direct blow, dislocation, or falling on outstretched arm- can cause hemorrhaging and paralysis because brachial plexus and axillary artery are cut Pain, inability to move arm, swelling, point tenderness and discoloration of superficial tissue Splint, mo  
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Glenohumeral Dislocation   show
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Preventing Shoulder Injuries   show
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show Diarthodial (synovial) joint comprised of the humerus, radius, and ulna bones; the humeradial, humerulnar, and radioulnar joints/articulations; and the ulnar collateral ligament (stabilizes medial aspect), radial collateral ligametn (stabilizes radial col  
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Wrist Extensors   show
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Wrist Flexors   show
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show Controls triceps and wrist extensors  
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Medial Nerve   show
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show Controls wrist and finger flexors  
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show Located at cubital fossa (just proximal to shoulder from elbow), which then splits up into ulnar and radial arteries right below elbow joint  
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show Valgus/abnormally directed force Pain along medial aspect of elbow, tenderness over ulnar collateral ligament, laxity of the joint, in some cases parasthesia/unusual feeling in distribution of ulnar nerve Conservative- ice, rest, NSAIDs and strengthenin  
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show Repetitive microtrauma from overuse of extensor muscles-extension and supination or heavy lifting Aching pain over lateral epicondyle, pain with resisted wrist extension and decrease elbow ROM RICE, NSAIDs, ROM and strengthening exercises, friction mass  
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RICE   show
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show Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs  
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show Repetitive microtrauma with overuse of flexor muscles- repeated forceful flexion of the wrist Pain over medial epicondyle, pain with resisted wrist flexion and sometimes mild swelling Rest, ice, ultrasound, NSAIDs, counterforce brace and strengthening e  
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show Separation of the epiphysis at the medial aspect of the humerus in younger athletes (9-12)- caused by repetitive microtrauma from throwing Flexion contracture (triceps weakness), decreased ROM, locking or catching of elbow RICE, NSAIDs, throwing stopped  
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Elbow Dislocation   show
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Olecranon Bursitis   show
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RTP   show
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show Comprised of 7 carpal bones (wrist), 5 metacarpal bones (first part of fingers) and 14 phalanges (rest of fingers); flexors are anterior muscles and extensors are posterior muscles; radiocarpal and ulnar-carpal joints in wrist and carpometacarpal, metacar  
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show Overuse, fall or forceful twist on wrist Pain, some swelling, decreased ROM, and decreased grip strength PRICE, ROM, strengthening exercises, and taping when RTP  
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Dislocation of Lunate   show
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Ganglion Cyst   show
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Gamekeeper's Thumb   show
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show inflammation of synovial sheath in thumb Aching pain which may radiate into the hand or forearm- bad Finklestein (look at picture), point tenderness and weakness during thumb extension and abduction Immobilization, rest, ice, NSAIDs, ultrasound and join  
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show Avulsion/tear of the extensor tendon from its insertion- direct blow to finger tip Pain at distal interphalangeal joint, inability to extend distal phalanx, DIP in 30 degrees of flexion RICE, if no fracture, splint finger in extension for 6-8 weeks  
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Jersey Finger   show
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show Rupture of extensor tendon dorsal to the middle phalanx (top of first joint) Direct blow to the tip of the finger forcing both DIP joint to extend and PIP joint to flex Severe pain, swelling, inability to extend DIP joint and obvious deformity Conserva  
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show Often mistaken for severe sprain- without proper splinting, often can't heal because of lack of blood supply- from falling on an outstretched hand Swelling, point tenderness of the scaphoid (located close to wrist in line to thumb), and pain with downwar  
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Carpal tunnel Syndrome   show
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