DNA and RNA vocab
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| DNA | deoxyribolicnucliec acid; the nucleic acid that carries instructions for making protiens
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| double helix | a twisted ladder; describes the structure of DNA
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| nucleotide | the building blocks of DNA and RNA; composed of sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases
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| genetic code | information carried from generation to generation by DNA
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| RNA | the nucleic acid responsible for building proteins
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| mRNA | messenger RNA; carries information from the DNA in the nucleus to the to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
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| tRNA | transfer RNA; carries amino acids from the cutoplasm to the robosomes
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| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; helps to assemble the amino acids in protiens
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| adenine | nitrogen base found in both RNA and DNA; abbrieviated as A
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| thymine | nitrogen base found in only DNA; abbrieviated as T
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| guanine | nirtogen base found in both DNA and RNA; abbrieviated as G
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| cytosine | nitrogen base found in both DNA and RNA; abbrieviated as C
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| uracil | nitrogen base found in only RNA; abbrieviated as U
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| deoxyribose | the sugar that helps to make up the nucleotides in DNA
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| ribose | the sugar that helps to makeup nucleotides in RNA
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| codon | found in mRNA; a 3 letter code that determines the amino acid that will make up a protien
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| anticodon | found in tRNA; a 2 letter complement to a codon that allows the amino acid to bond in the correct sequence.
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| mutation | a mistake or change in DNA sequence; can be harmful or beneficial
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| recombination | the provess by which genetic material is broken or joined to other genetic material
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| insertion | a type of mutation in which a base is added to a DNA sequence
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| deletion | a type of mutation in which a base is removed from a DNA sequence
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| chromosomal mutations | a type of mutation that involves all or part of a chromosome being changed
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| replication | the process of creating the exact copy of DNA
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| transcription | ocurs in the nuclues; the process of creating mRNA from DNA
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| translation | occurs in the cytoplams; the process of creating protiens from mRNA
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| complementary strand of DNA | the strand of DNA that "matches" the original strand of DNA during replication
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| cloning | the process of producing populations of genetically identical individuals
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| human genome project | scientific research project whose goal is to determine the exact sequence of base pairs in the DNA and 'map' the 20-25,000 genes in the human body
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| genetic identification | manipulations of genes to acieve desired traits in an individual
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| forsenic identification | use of DNA to identify specific objects
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| watson and crick | a pair of scientists who determined the 3-D structure of DNA
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| franklin | scientist who used x-rays to determine that DNA was a helix
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| chargoff | scientist who determined rules for the pairing of bases in DNA
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