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DNA and RNA vocab

TermDefinition
DNA deoxyribolicnucliec acid; the nucleic acid that carries instructions for making protiens
double helix a twisted ladder; describes the structure of DNA
nucleotide the building blocks of DNA and RNA; composed of sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases
genetic code information carried from generation to generation by DNA
RNA the nucleic acid responsible for building proteins
mRNA messenger RNA; carries information from the DNA in the nucleus to the to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
tRNA transfer RNA; carries amino acids from the cutoplasm to the robosomes
rRNA ribosomal RNA; helps to assemble the amino acids in protiens
adenine nitrogen base found in both RNA and DNA; abbrieviated as A
thymine nitrogen base found in only DNA; abbrieviated as T
guanine nirtogen base found in both DNA and RNA; abbrieviated as G
cytosine nitrogen base found in both DNA and RNA; abbrieviated as C
uracil nitrogen base found in only RNA; abbrieviated as U
deoxyribose the sugar that helps to make up the nucleotides in DNA
ribose the sugar that helps to makeup nucleotides in RNA
codon found in mRNA; a 3 letter code that determines the amino acid that will make up a protien
anticodon found in tRNA; a 2 letter complement to a codon that allows the amino acid to bond in the correct sequence.
mutation a mistake or change in DNA sequence; can be harmful or beneficial
recombination the provess by which genetic material is broken or joined to other genetic material
insertion a type of mutation in which a base is added to a DNA sequence
deletion a type of mutation in which a base is removed from a DNA sequence
chromosomal mutations a type of mutation that involves all or part of a chromosome being changed
replication the process of creating the exact copy of DNA
transcription ocurs in the nuclues; the process of creating mRNA from DNA
translation occurs in the cytoplams; the process of creating protiens from mRNA
complementary strand of DNA the strand of DNA that "matches" the original strand of DNA during replication
cloning the process of producing populations of genetically identical individuals
human genome project scientific research project whose goal is to determine the exact sequence of base pairs in the DNA and 'map' the 20-25,000 genes in the human body
genetic identification manipulations of genes to acieve desired traits in an individual
forsenic identification use of DNA to identify specific objects
watson and crick a pair of scientists who determined the 3-D structure of DNA
franklin scientist who used x-rays to determine that DNA was a helix
chargoff scientist who determined rules for the pairing of bases in DNA
Created by: 2016gouldp
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