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double helix
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DNA and RNA vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| DNA | deoxyribolicnucliec acid; the nucleic acid that carries instructions for making protiens |
| double helix | a twisted ladder; describes the structure of DNA |
| nucleotide | the building blocks of DNA and RNA; composed of sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogen bases |
| genetic code | information carried from generation to generation by DNA |
| RNA | the nucleic acid responsible for building proteins |
| mRNA | messenger RNA; carries information from the DNA in the nucleus to the to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm |
| tRNA | transfer RNA; carries amino acids from the cutoplasm to the robosomes |
| rRNA | ribosomal RNA; helps to assemble the amino acids in protiens |
| adenine | nitrogen base found in both RNA and DNA; abbrieviated as A |
| thymine | nitrogen base found in only DNA; abbrieviated as T |
| guanine | nirtogen base found in both DNA and RNA; abbrieviated as G |
| cytosine | nitrogen base found in both DNA and RNA; abbrieviated as C |
| uracil | nitrogen base found in only RNA; abbrieviated as U |
| deoxyribose | the sugar that helps to make up the nucleotides in DNA |
| ribose | the sugar that helps to makeup nucleotides in RNA |
| codon | found in mRNA; a 3 letter code that determines the amino acid that will make up a protien |
| anticodon | found in tRNA; a 2 letter complement to a codon that allows the amino acid to bond in the correct sequence. |
| mutation | a mistake or change in DNA sequence; can be harmful or beneficial |
| recombination | the provess by which genetic material is broken or joined to other genetic material |
| insertion | a type of mutation in which a base is added to a DNA sequence |
| deletion | a type of mutation in which a base is removed from a DNA sequence |
| chromosomal mutations | a type of mutation that involves all or part of a chromosome being changed |
| replication | the process of creating the exact copy of DNA |
| transcription | ocurs in the nuclues; the process of creating mRNA from DNA |
| translation | occurs in the cytoplams; the process of creating protiens from mRNA |
| complementary strand of DNA | the strand of DNA that "matches" the original strand of DNA during replication |
| cloning | the process of producing populations of genetically identical individuals |
| human genome project | scientific research project whose goal is to determine the exact sequence of base pairs in the DNA and 'map' the 20-25,000 genes in the human body |
| genetic identification | manipulations of genes to acieve desired traits in an individual |
| forsenic identification | use of DNA to identify specific objects |
| watson and crick | a pair of scientists who determined the 3-D structure of DNA |
| franklin | scientist who used x-rays to determine that DNA was a helix |
| chargoff | scientist who determined rules for the pairing of bases in DNA |
Created by:
2016gouldp
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