Renaissance
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| Leonardo Da Vinci | amous painter, inventor, sculptor, mathematician, musician. As a painter Leonardo is best known for The Last Supper (c. 1495) and Mona Lisa (c. 1503).
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| Michelangelo | (1475-1564) An Italian sculptor, painter, poet, engineer, and architect. Famous works include the mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, and the sculpture of the biblical character David.
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| Donatello | (1386-1466) Sculptor. Probably exerted greatest influence of any Florentine artist before Michelangelo. His statues expressed an appreciation of the incredible variety of human nature.
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| Raphael | (1483-1520) Italian Renaissance painter; he painted frescos, his most famous being The School of Athens.
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| Renaissance | "rebirth"; following the Middle Ages, a movement that centered on the revival of interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome
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| humanism | A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements
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| secular | Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters
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| patron | Granting favors or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support
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| perspective | An artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface
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| vernacular | Everyday speech; slang
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| Machiavelli | 1469-1527. Italian political theorist whose book The Prince (1513) describes the achievement and maintenance of power by a determined ruler indifferent to moral considerations.
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| Medici Family | Ruled Florence during the Renaissance, became wealthy from banking, spent a lot of money on art, controlled Florence for about 3 centuries
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| William Shakespeare | (1564 - 1616) English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language; works include Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet.
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| Johann Gutenberg | German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468)
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| Thomas Moore | 1516 wrote Utopia about an imaginary land inhabited by a peace-loving people, an ideal place. In Utopia, greed, corruption, war, and crime had been weeded out.
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| indulgence | A pardon given by the Roman Catholic Church in return for repentance for sins
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| Reformation | A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches
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| Martin Luther | 95 Thesis, posted in 1517, led to religious reform in Germany, denied papal power and absolutist rule. Claimed there were only 2 sacraments: baptism and communion.
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| Lutheran | Teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone
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| Peace of Augsburg | 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler
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