FSHN 350- Unit 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| delta naming system | CX:aΔb,c
(# of carbons, how many dbl bonds, where they are) *all double bonds
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| omega naming system | CX:aωb
(# of carbons, how many dbl bonds, where they are) *only 1st one
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| desaturase enzymes | 4, 5, 6, 9
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| elongase enzymes | add carbons in pairs of 2
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| butyric acid | 4 carbons
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| lauric acid | 12 carbons
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| myristic acid | 14 carbons
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| palmitic acid | 16 carbons
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| stearic acid | 18 carbons
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| when are trans fats dangerous? | low as 1-3% of total calories
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| first two enzymes in lipid digestion | lingual lipase, gastric lipase
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| bile salts are synthesized by | hepatocytes
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| how do long chain/lysophospholipids/cholesterol enter enterocyte? | micelle
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| how do short and medium chain enter blood? | albumin
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| chylomicron | transport of dietary TG from intestines to peripheral tissues
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| VLDL | transport of endogenous TG from liver to peripheral tissues
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| LDL | transport of cholesterol to peripheral tissues
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| HDL | transport of cholesterol to liver
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| three apolipoproteins on CM | B48, E, C2
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| apolipoprotein B48 function | stabilizes CM in aq environment
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| apolipoprotein C2 function | activates LPL
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| apolipoprotein E function | for uptake into liver by LDL receptor
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| three apolipoproteins on VLDL | B100, E, C2
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| apolipoprotein B100 function | LDL recognition
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| Familial Hypercholesterolemia | mutation in LDL receptor or apo B100
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| Lipoprotein lipase deficiency | high CM and high VLDL
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| oleic acid | C18:1Δ9
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| linoleic acid | C18:2Δ9,12
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| a-linolenic acid | C18:3Δ9,12,15
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| if more than one double bond is present, they occur every | three carbons
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| arachidonic acid | C20:4Δ5,8,11,14
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| EPA | C20:5Δ5,8,11,14,17
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| DHA | C22:6Δ4,7,10,13,16,19
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| cholesterol ester | cholesterol w/ ester and fatty acid tail
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| chylomicrons are composed mostly of | triacylglyerols
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| HDLs are composed mostly of | proteins
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| LDLs are composed mostly of | cholesterol esters
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| LDL receptor | recognizes apo B100 on LDL particles; also recognizes apo E on CM and IDL
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| Tangier disease | defect in ABCA1; cholesterol builds up in macrophage
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| two fates of glycerol | oxidized through glycolysis or converted to glucose through gluconeogenesis
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| how many ATP per beta oxidation cycle? | 5
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| how many ATP per acetyl coA molecule? | 12
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| beta oxidation of unsaturated FAs | for each double bond, 2 fewer ATP produced (1 fewer FADH)
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| beta oxidation of odd-chained FAs | propionyl coA-> succinyl coA *converted to glucose so this is glycogenic!
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| three steps of lipogenesis | lipogenesis, desaturation/elongation, esterification
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| enzyme in fatty acid synthesis | fatty acid synthase
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| ACC knockout mice | continuous beta oxidation; won't make malonyl coA
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| FAS knockout mice | more sensitive to insulin; less likely to get fat
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| three types of eicosanoids | prostaglandins, thomboxanes, leukotrienes
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| two pathways from linoleic acid | cyclic (cyclooxygenase), linear (lipoxygenase)
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| n6 fatty acids cause | inflammation
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| n3 fatty acids cause | anti-inflammatory effects
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| LDL CVD cutoff | >130 mg/dL
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| HDL CVD cutoff | <40 mg/dL
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| serum cholesterol CVD cutoff | >200 mg/dL
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| seven countries study | ancel, keys et al
*correlation between cholesterol/fat/sat fat and CVD
*inverse correlation between PUFA/MUFA
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| CRP and CVD | high CRP (inflammatory protein)-> increased risk of CVD
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| common soil hypothesis | CVD and diabetes are unrelated, but these people are prone to health problems based on lifestyle
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| ___% of CVD occurs in people w/ less than 200mg/dL total cholesterol | 35%
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