Microbiology Unit Vocabulary Words
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| Nosocomial | an infection acquired in hospital
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| Endemic | infection that is reoccurring in a specific location or population
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| Epidemic | a disease that spreads from person to person in a new area
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| Pandemic | widespread disease transmitted person to person affecting a whole country, possible worldwide
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| Pathogenic | P/T produced by disease
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| Zoonotic | infection or disease spread from vertebrae animals to humans
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| Epizootic | out break of disease in animal population
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| Virulent | highly infectious
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| Aerobic | requiring oxygen
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| Anaerobic | growing in the absence of oxygen (does not require oxygen)
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| Bacillus | a rod-shaped bacterium
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| Coccus | a spherical bacterium
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| Spiral bacteria | motile bacteria having a helical or spiral shape (with stiff cell walls)
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| Spirochetes | motile helical or spiral bacteria (thin, flexible cell walls)
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| Fission | reproductive process in which the parent cell divides into identical independent cell
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| Bacterial conjugation | transfer of genetic material through direct cell to cell contact
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| Progeny | offspring or descendent
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| Colony | a defined mass of bacteria assumed to have grown from a single organism
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| Communicable disease | able to be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another
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| Immunocompromised | having reduced ability to or inability to produce normal immune response
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| Agar | a seaweed derivative used to solidify microbiological media
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| Nematode | any unsegmented worm (roundworm)
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| Ova | egg
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| Parasite | an organism that lives in or on another species at the expense of the species
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| Virion | the infectious form of a virus
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| Mycoplasma | the smallest free-living group of bacteria (lack of cell wall and anaerobic)
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| Antiseptic | a chemical used on living tissues to control the growth of infectious agents
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| Disinfectant | a chemical used on inanimate objects to kill or inactivate microbes
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| Sterilization | the act of eliminating all the living microorganisms from an article or area
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| Vaccine | prevention method where a biological complex is used to improve immunity
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| Coliform | certain gram negative intestinal bacteria including e-coli
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| Occult | concealed or hidden
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| Ectoparasite | parasite on the outside of the skin
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| Congenital | acquired during fetal development and present at time of birth but not inherited
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| Medium | a substance used to provide nutrients for growing microorganisms
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| Culture | growth of microorganisms in a lab
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| Primary media | non selective, contains all elements needed for growth of bacteria
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| Indicator media | used to distinguish one microorganism type from another growing on the same media
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| Selective media | used for the growth of only selected microorganisms
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| Transport media | used as temporary storage, prevents microbial multiplication
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| Nutrient Agar | used for the routine cultivation of non-fastidious bacteria
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| Blood agar | useful for cultivating fastidious organisms and for determining the hemolytic capabilities of an organism (used in strep tests)
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| SSA agar | differentiates Salmonella and Shigella colonies from other Enterobacteriaceae. obtained from stool samples
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| Chocolate agar | heat-treated blood (which turns brown) grows fastidious (particular) respiratory bacteria
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| Thayer-Martin Chocolate agar | Mueller Hinton agar with 5% chocolate sheep blood and antibiotics used for isolating pathogenic Neisseria bacteria (inhibits the growth of most other microorganisms )
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| Eosin Methylene Blue agar | bacteria change color if they ferment lactose (indicates lactose fermentation)
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| Thioglycollate broth | used for strict anaerobes
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| MacConkey agar | bacteria change color if they ferment lactose (indicates lactose fermentation)
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| Normal flora | microorganisms that are normally present at a specific site
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| Opportunistic pathogen | microorganism that causes disease in the host only when the host's immune system cannot fight it
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| Pathogen | an organism capable of causing disease in a host
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| Infection | condition caused by the growth of microorganisms
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| Host | organism from which a parasite obtains nutrients and where most of their life cycle is
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| Mycosis | infection caused by fungi
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| Yeast | a type of unicellular fungus that is aerobic and reproduces by budding
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| Molds | a type of fungus that is aerobic and reproduces using spores
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| Hyphae | filaments of a mold that make up mycelium
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| Mycelium | mass of hyphae that make up a vegetative body of molds
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| Plasmodium | protozoan genus that include the organisms causing human malaria
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| Trichomonas vaginalis | parasitic protozoan that causes a sexually transmitted infection
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| Helminthes | group comprising roundworms and flatworms
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| Pinworm | a small parasitic nematode
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| Standard precautions | precautions against infection by assuming that all body fluids and substances, organs, and unfixed tissues are infectious
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| Airborne precautions | precautions taken to stop the spread of disease by the airborne route
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| Contact precautions | precautions taken to stop the spread of disease by close or direct contact
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| Droplet precautions | precautions taken to stop the spread of disease by air within three feet
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| Carrier | one who harbors an organism, has no signs of disease, but can spread the organism
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| Fomites | substances or surfaces capable of carrying infectious organisms
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| Isolation | limiting movement and interaction of an infectious person
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| Protective isolation | limiting movement and interaction of a susceptible person
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| Nonpathogenic | not causing disease
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| Autotrophs | organisms that produce their own food
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| Heterotrophs | organisms that cannot produce their own food
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| Photosynthetic | capable of creating food using light
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| Chemosynthetic | capable of creating food using inorganic chemicals
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| Saprobes | organisms that feed on dead organic matter
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| Fastidious bacteria | bacteria that has a complex nutritional requirement
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| Eubacteria | true bacteria (most bacteria are eubacteria)
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| Archaebacteria | unicellular bacteria (extremophiles)
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| Methanogens | microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct
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| Halophiles | microorganisms that love salt
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| Thermophiles | microorganisms that love heat
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| Cyanobacteria | photosynthetic bacteria that are cyan colored
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| Avian influenza | bird flu (virus)
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| West Nile virus | transmitted by mosquitoes, causes flu-like symptoms, encephalitis, or meningitis
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| Ebola virus | highly infectious, causes hemorrhagic fever
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| Dengue hemorrhagic fever | tropical disease that results in bleeding, low levels of platelets, and plasma leakage (virus)
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| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB)
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| Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) | mad cow disease (prion)
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| Inoculation | process of transferring a population of microorganisms to a growth medium
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| Mordant | a substance that fixes a dye or stain to an object
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| Counter stain | a dye that adds a contrasting color
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| Endospore | dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacillus bacteria
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| Catalase test | the presence of catalase enzyme is detected using hydrogen peroxide
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| Fecal occult test | detects subtle blood loss in the gastrointestinal tract, may indicate peptic ulcers or cancer
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| Immunoassay | a diagnostic method using antigen-antibody reactions
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| Zone of Inhibition | the area around an antibiotic disk that contains no bacterial growth (antibiotic susceptibility test)
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| Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) | minimum concentration of an antibiotic required to inhibit the growth of a microorganism
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