Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Microbiology Vocab
Microbiology Unit Vocabulary Words
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Nosocomial | an infection acquired in hospital |
| Endemic | infection that is reoccurring in a specific location or population |
| Epidemic | a disease that spreads from person to person in a new area |
| Pandemic | widespread disease transmitted person to person affecting a whole country, possible worldwide |
| Pathogenic | P/T produced by disease |
| Zoonotic | infection or disease spread from vertebrae animals to humans |
| Epizootic | out break of disease in animal population |
| Virulent | highly infectious |
| Aerobic | requiring oxygen |
| Anaerobic | growing in the absence of oxygen (does not require oxygen) |
| Bacillus | a rod-shaped bacterium |
| Coccus | a spherical bacterium |
| Spiral bacteria | motile bacteria having a helical or spiral shape (with stiff cell walls) |
| Spirochetes | motile helical or spiral bacteria (thin, flexible cell walls) |
| Fission | reproductive process in which the parent cell divides into identical independent cell |
| Bacterial conjugation | transfer of genetic material through direct cell to cell contact |
| Progeny | offspring or descendent |
| Colony | a defined mass of bacteria assumed to have grown from a single organism |
| Communicable disease | able to be transmitted directly or indirectly from one individual to another |
| Immunocompromised | having reduced ability to or inability to produce normal immune response |
| Agar | a seaweed derivative used to solidify microbiological media |
| Nematode | any unsegmented worm (roundworm) |
| Ova | egg |
| Parasite | an organism that lives in or on another species at the expense of the species |
| Virion | the infectious form of a virus |
| Mycoplasma | the smallest free-living group of bacteria (lack of cell wall and anaerobic) |
| Antiseptic | a chemical used on living tissues to control the growth of infectious agents |
| Disinfectant | a chemical used on inanimate objects to kill or inactivate microbes |
| Sterilization | the act of eliminating all the living microorganisms from an article or area |
| Vaccine | prevention method where a biological complex is used to improve immunity |
| Coliform | certain gram negative intestinal bacteria including e-coli |
| Occult | concealed or hidden |
| Ectoparasite | parasite on the outside of the skin |
| Congenital | acquired during fetal development and present at time of birth but not inherited |
| Medium | a substance used to provide nutrients for growing microorganisms |
| Culture | growth of microorganisms in a lab |
| Primary media | non selective, contains all elements needed for growth of bacteria |
| Indicator media | used to distinguish one microorganism type from another growing on the same media |
| Selective media | used for the growth of only selected microorganisms |
| Transport media | used as temporary storage, prevents microbial multiplication |
| Nutrient Agar | used for the routine cultivation of non-fastidious bacteria |
| Blood agar | useful for cultivating fastidious organisms and for determining the hemolytic capabilities of an organism (used in strep tests) |
| SSA agar | differentiates Salmonella and Shigella colonies from other Enterobacteriaceae. obtained from stool samples |
| Chocolate agar | heat-treated blood (which turns brown) grows fastidious (particular) respiratory bacteria |
| Thayer-Martin Chocolate agar | Mueller Hinton agar with 5% chocolate sheep blood and antibiotics used for isolating pathogenic Neisseria bacteria (inhibits the growth of most other microorganisms ) |
| Eosin Methylene Blue agar | bacteria change color if they ferment lactose (indicates lactose fermentation) |
| Thioglycollate broth | used for strict anaerobes |
| MacConkey agar | bacteria change color if they ferment lactose (indicates lactose fermentation) |
| Normal flora | microorganisms that are normally present at a specific site |
| Opportunistic pathogen | microorganism that causes disease in the host only when the host's immune system cannot fight it |
| Pathogen | an organism capable of causing disease in a host |
| Infection | condition caused by the growth of microorganisms |
| Host | organism from which a parasite obtains nutrients and where most of their life cycle is |
| Mycosis | infection caused by fungi |
| Yeast | a type of unicellular fungus that is aerobic and reproduces by budding |
| Molds | a type of fungus that is aerobic and reproduces using spores |
| Hyphae | filaments of a mold that make up mycelium |
| Mycelium | mass of hyphae that make up a vegetative body of molds |
| Plasmodium | protozoan genus that include the organisms causing human malaria |
| Trichomonas vaginalis | parasitic protozoan that causes a sexually transmitted infection |
| Helminthes | group comprising roundworms and flatworms |
| Pinworm | a small parasitic nematode |
| Standard precautions | precautions against infection by assuming that all body fluids and substances, organs, and unfixed tissues are infectious |
| Airborne precautions | precautions taken to stop the spread of disease by the airborne route |
| Contact precautions | precautions taken to stop the spread of disease by close or direct contact |
| Droplet precautions | precautions taken to stop the spread of disease by air within three feet |
| Carrier | one who harbors an organism, has no signs of disease, but can spread the organism |
| Fomites | substances or surfaces capable of carrying infectious organisms |
| Isolation | limiting movement and interaction of an infectious person |
| Protective isolation | limiting movement and interaction of a susceptible person |
| Nonpathogenic | not causing disease |
| Autotrophs | organisms that produce their own food |
| Heterotrophs | organisms that cannot produce their own food |
| Photosynthetic | capable of creating food using light |
| Chemosynthetic | capable of creating food using inorganic chemicals |
| Saprobes | organisms that feed on dead organic matter |
| Fastidious bacteria | bacteria that has a complex nutritional requirement |
| Eubacteria | true bacteria (most bacteria are eubacteria) |
| Archaebacteria | unicellular bacteria (extremophiles) |
| Methanogens | microorganisms that produce methane as a metabolic byproduct |
| Halophiles | microorganisms that love salt |
| Thermophiles | microorganisms that love heat |
| Cyanobacteria | photosynthetic bacteria that are cyan colored |
| Avian influenza | bird flu (virus) |
| West Nile virus | transmitted by mosquitoes, causes flu-like symptoms, encephalitis, or meningitis |
| Ebola virus | highly infectious, causes hemorrhagic fever |
| Dengue hemorrhagic fever | tropical disease that results in bleeding, low levels of platelets, and plasma leakage (virus) |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | bacteria that causes tuberculosis (TB) |
| Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) | mad cow disease (prion) |
| Inoculation | process of transferring a population of microorganisms to a growth medium |
| Mordant | a substance that fixes a dye or stain to an object |
| Counter stain | a dye that adds a contrasting color |
| Endospore | dormant, tough, and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacillus bacteria |
| Catalase test | the presence of catalase enzyme is detected using hydrogen peroxide |
| Fecal occult test | detects subtle blood loss in the gastrointestinal tract, may indicate peptic ulcers or cancer |
| Immunoassay | a diagnostic method using antigen-antibody reactions |
| Zone of Inhibition | the area around an antibiotic disk that contains no bacterial growth (antibiotic susceptibility test) |
| Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) | minimum concentration of an antibiotic required to inhibit the growth of a microorganism |
Created by:
PayneLabTech
Popular Laboratory Science sets