study for end of year tests
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| Why did colonists chose to create a representative government for the 13 colonies? | allowed the colonists to keep the interests of the people in mind, rather than impose laws produced by a monarcy; allowed colonists to have a means of control over laws that affected their lives
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| Compare the original 13 states with the territory gained by the Louisiana Purchase in terms of physical characteristics. | The original 13 were located along the East Coast of North America, close to water. Almost all of the land gained in the Louisiana Purchase was inland. Most of it is flat prairie and good for farming.
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| Why is proximity to water important for growing settlements? | Goods can be brought in and sent out, and water is needed for crops
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| Causes of the Revolutionary War | Frustration with Britain's taxation and other policies. Proclamation of 1763 which forbade colonists settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. John Locke's ideas about natural rights and the people's right to rebel
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| One of the founding fathers of the US; in favor of colonial unity and independence; a diplomat who went to Europe to secure support from France; one of the drafters of the Declaration of Independence | Benjamin Franklin
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| Often described as the Father of the American Revolution; wrote Common Sense; | Thomas Paine
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| the king of Great Britain during the American Revolution, responsible for waging war against the colonists; heavily criticized in the Declaration of Independence | King George III
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| A French military general who served during the American Revoluton; contained the British forces at the siege of Yorktown long enough for reinforcements to arrive | Marquis de Lafayette
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| What geographic advantages did the colonists have over the British troops during the American Revolutionary War? | British troops were a long way from home and getting new troops and supplies took a long time. The colonists were fighting for their homes and they were familiar with the territory. Distance hindered communication
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| The first constitution of the United States; established a union of the states; | Articles of Confederation
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| Name weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation | federal government could not collect taxes; each state had to agree to give the federal government funds; did not create a fair balance between large and small states in terms of legislative power and funding
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| Name strengths of the Articles of confederation | created a union in which states could act together to declare war and negotiate agreements
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| Also known as the Constitutional Convention | Philadelphia Convention
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| supported ratification because they felt the Constitution would allow the people to protect their freedom and rights; well organized and had strong political support | Federalists; supporters of ratifying the US Constitution
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| felt the Constitution was too centralizing and put too much power in the federal government; a much more loosely formed group | Anti-federalists; against ratifying the US Constitution
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| statement of foreign policy; stated that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or with the creation of other countries in the Western Hemisphere; likewise, the United States would not get involved in European matters | Monroe Doctrine... written by James Monroe and John Quincy Adams
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| What was the impact of the Monroe Doctrine? | In 1823 the US was facing Russian claims to the Northwest Coast, and the governments in Latin America wanted independence from Spain. The doctrine reflected growing nationalism and a decreased interest in international affairs.
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| Made provisions for setting up governments in the western territories; gave regulations for new states entering the Union; the reason the US was able to grow westward | Northwest Ordinance
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| the popular belief in the 1840s that the US was destined to cover the entire area from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean | Manifest Destiny
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| Led to the US gaining the land of Oregon Territory, California, Nevada, Utah and parts of Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico and Wyoming | Manifest Destiny
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| social movement to end slavery and emancipate slaves | abolitionist movement
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| a social movement led mostly by women, to discourage the consumption of alcohol | temperance movement
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| amendment that established Prohibition, which made the sale of alcohol illegal in the US | 18th Amendment
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| Repealed the 18th Amendment to the US Constitution | 21st Amendment
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| Only Constitutional Amendment to have been repealed | 18th Amendment
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| Constitutional Amendment that freed all slaves and legally forbade slavery in the United States | 13th Amendment
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| Virginia, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee | Confederate States of America during the Civil War
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| Territory acquired by the US from Britain through the Treaty of Paris of 1783 | Northwest Territory
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| First document to limit the powers of the English king and grant liberties to certain citizens | Magna Carta
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| prevented the king from suspending laws and forced royalty to abide by the laws of parliament; influenced the US Bill of Rights | English Bill of Rights
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| campaigned across the country for women's right to vote, the abolition of slavery, women's labor organizations and women's rights to earnings and property; her contributions helped to bring about the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments | Susan B. Anthony
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| a governor of Wisconsin who helped to regulate the railroads, taxed corporations for the state to pay off its debts, and increased funding for education | Robert LaFollette
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| helped found the NAACP | W.E.B. DuBois
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| a governing philosophy that emphasizes individual liberty, inalienable rights and poplular sovereignty | republicanism
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| the government is broken down into 3 branches: legislative, executive, judicial | separation of powers
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| 3 branches of government work together and none is allowed to become too powerful | checks and balances
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| declared that all persons born or naturalized were U.S. citizens and that all citizens were entitled to equal rights regardless of race | 14th Amendment
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| 13th, 14th, and 15, Amendments | Reconstruction Amendments
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| How many amendments have been added to the US Constitution? | 27
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| The first Supreme Court judgment that supported the federal system of government; established the principal of judicial review | Marbury v Madison
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| the judiciary can determine that a law is unconstitutional | judicial review
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| Constitutional amendment that gave black men the right to vote | 15th Amendment
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| Constitutional amendment that gave women the right to vote | 19th Amendment
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| the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution | Bill of Rights
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| fundamental rights that are guaranteed to people naturally instead of by law; "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness" as stated in the Declaration of Independence | unalienable rights
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| author of the Declaration of Rights of Women; spent her life working for women's rights, especially the right to vote; organized with Lucretia Mott the Seneca Falls Women's Rights Convention | Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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| each person is allowed to say whatever he or she thinks, even something negative about the government of the country | freedom of speech
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| What are economic reasons for the growth of the slave trade in the South? | plantation owners needed abundant cheap labor to make money growing rice, cotton, sugar, tobacco and other products they exported abroad;
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| What were the economic reasons for the development of the plantation system? | main method of agricultural production in the South;
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| the capitalist system of economics; businesses are privately owned and goods are traded (sold) in markets; the government does not interfere in the business; people can choose what, how, and how much to produce and for whom to sell their goods | free enterprise
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| stopped the export of American goods and made the import of goods very difficult; the US had to become more independent and therefore more industrial | Embargo Act of 1807
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| manufacturing began to expand in the US and the government protected American manufacturing by passing a protective tariff on foreign-made goods; factories grew and domestic goods could be produced more quickly and cheaply | Industrial Revolution
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| What led to urbanization? | growth of transportation systems such as railroads and steamships traveling on canals which increased ease of transporting goods and trade
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| Eli Whitney's invention that made it possible to separate cotton seeds from the fiber of the plant easily and quickly | cotton gin
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| first permanent English settlement established in North America in 1607; started by the Virginia Company and named after the then king of England | Jamestown
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| arranging events in the order in which they occurred in time | chronology
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| chronology based on a calendar; events are located based on the day, month, or year they occurred and are organized from oldest to most recent | absolute chronology
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| chronology in which events are located based on their occurence to each other | relative chronology
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| explained or "declared" to the world why the colonies wanted their independence from England | Declaration of Independence
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| land purchased from France by President Thomas Jefferson in 1803 for $15 million; more than doubled the size of the US at the time | Louisiana Purchase
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| Why did the colonists come from England to start the 13 original colonies of the US? | disagreed with Britain's policies and wanted to start a new society; wanted to own land and increase profits; tobacco production; religious freedoms
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| the governing document of Plymouth Colony; signed by the Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower before they ever got off the boat; first document that established community in North America | Mayflower Compact
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| southerners believed they had the right to make decisions for themselves regarding slavery and taxes, among other issues; they didn't think the federal government could tell them what to do; southern states began seceding from the union | issues that led to the civil war
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| created significant differences between the North and the South | the issue of trade and tariffs
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| disagreement over protective tariffs when South Carolina declared the tariffs null and void within its state borders | Nullification Crisis of 1832
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| first battle of the American Civil War | Battle of Fort Sumter-- Confederate troops bombarded Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina and forced the Union troops to abandon it
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| a major battle during the American Civil War which resulted in the largest number of casualties, and saw the tide turn in favor of the North | Battle of Gettysburg (1863)
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| one of the final battles of the American Civil War and ended with Robert E. Lee surrendering to General Ulysses S. Grant | Battle of Appomattox Court House (1865)
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| commander of the Army of Northern Virginia during the Civil War and eventually promoted to general-in-chief of the Confederate forces | General Robert E. Lee
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| commander of all Union forces during the American Civil War; later elected the 18th President of the United States | General Ulysses S. Grant
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| most important crops grown in the South in the 1800s | cotton, tobacco, rice, indigo, sugar
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| a speech that President Abraham Lincoln delivered in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, during the Civil War; given to dedicate a national cemetery on the grounds of the Battle of Gettysburg; wanted the citizens to join together to preserve the ideals of democracy | Gettysburg Address
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