Terms and importan facts for the exam
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| fire eaters | radical (extreme) South Carolinians that wanted SC to secede from the Union over the issue of slavery. Robert Barnwell Rhett was one.
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| fugitive slave law | Part of the Compromise of 1850,that angered the North because southern plantation owners could come to the North to recover runaway slaves.
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| Compromise of 1850 | Organized by Henry Clay, it was composed of 5 laws and kept the Union from splitting over the issue of slavery.
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| cooperationist | South Carolina representatives that argued that SC should secede only if they had the support of other Southern States.
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| concurrent majority | Favored by John Calhoun, the constitution would be amended to allow both the North and the South to have their own presidents.
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| popular sovereignty | A concept proposed by Stephen A. Douglas (Illinois). It allowed each individual territory to vote on whether or not it wanted slavery before it became a state.
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| Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 | Controversial law that culminated with "Bleeding Kansas". This act violated the Missouri Compromise because of the concept of popular sovereignty.
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| "Bleeding Kansas" | So named because of the 200 deaths that occurred as a result of the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854. John Brown made his mark here.
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| John Brown | Violent abolitionist who thought he was chosen by God to end slavery. Participated in "Bleeding Kansas" and the raid at the arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
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| Dred Scott | A slave who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom. In 1857, the US Supreme Court ruled that he was not a citizen because he was property.
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| Abraham Lincoln | 16th United States President. His election in to 1860 caused SC to secede from the Union. He did not want to end slavery, but did want to stop the expansion (growth) of slavery.
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| secede | To brake away from. South Carolina seceded from the Union on December 20, 1860.
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| Preston Brooks | SC congressmen who beat senator Charles Sumner over the head with a CANE. He did this because Sumner had insulted his family.
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| Manifest Destiny | A concept described as the American people have the right (and the duty) to occupy the entire American continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.
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| Mexican Cession | A huge amount of land that Mexico ceded to the United States for a small payment. This was outlined in the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo which ended the Mexican-American War in 1848.
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| Secession Convention of 1860 | Originally held in Columbia, but was moved to Charleston because of a small pox scare. The argument used to support secession was the federal government was abusing its powers. The federal government wanted to end slavery and the South's way of life.
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| Secession Convention of 1852 | A convention called by South Carolina representatives, in which Cooperationists and Fire-Eaters argued over if, when, and how SC should secede from the Union.
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| Ordinance of Secession | Issued on December 20, 1860, this document formally declared that SC intended to break away from the Union.
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| Henry Clay | Kentucky senator, who was known as the "Great Compromiser", that organized the Compromise of 1850. This prevented the Civil War for another 10 years (decade).
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| Abolitionists | People who wanted to end the institution of slavery. Examples are John Brown, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and the Grimke sisters.
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