Quiz Bacteria and Plants/ Plants notes
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| Vascular plants | Have tubes that carry liquid inside the plant;has roots,stems,and leaves
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| Veins | lines running through a leaf and carry water
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| Midrib | one vein in the middle of the leaf that is thicker than the rest; gets water from the stem and carries water to the rest of the smaller veins
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| Non-vascular plants | don't have tubes inside them; ex. Moss;Phylum Bryophyta(moss plants)
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| Lichens | NOT plants; actually fungus plus algae;they like places with clean air
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| Pods | Vessel that holds the seeds
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| Angiosperms | Speed container;Phylum Anthophyta(flower plants)
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| Gymnosperms | uncovered seed;Phylum Coniferophyta(Cone plants)
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| Seedless vascular plants | Phylum Pterophyta(wing plants);ferns;make sporangia
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| Sporangia | little spots filled with spores found on the leaves
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| Seeds | contain embryonic plants that are dormant
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| Seedling | little plant that first emerges from the seed
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| Testa | seed coat;comes off when seed is exposed to the water and warmth= germination
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| Hillum | "scar" on seed;place where seed was attached to the mother plant
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| Cotyledons | biggest part of the embryonic plant;provides food to the embryo once the seeds opens and the embryo starts growing into a plant
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| Endosperm | food for the embryo
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| Radicle | embryo's root;has tiny hairs to search for water and nutrients
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| Hypocotyl | embryo's stem;elongates and searches for light
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| Epicotyl | top of the embryo;holds the plumule
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| Plumule | first true leaves of the plant
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| Moncots | 1 cotyledon;leaves with veins going up to the top of leaf;no midrib; petals of flowers are in multiples of 3
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| Dicots | 2 cotyledons;leaves with a midrib; petals of flowers are in multiples of 4 or 5
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| Stomata | tiny holes on bottom of every leaf;"little mouths";allow important substances to enter the plant through the leaf;take in carbon dioxide;release water and oxygen
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| Guard Cells | 2 of them surround each stoma;banana-shaped;open the stoma in the morning to allow carbon dioxide;release water and oxygen
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| Transpiration | process in which the stomata open to the release excess water from the plant
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| Pathogen | organism that causes disease
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| Kingdom Archaebacteria | Archae= "ancient"
Most live in extreme environments
Methanogens= swamps,sewage,anaerobic environments
Prokaryotic
Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan
Have some characteristics similar to eukaryotic cells
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| Thermoacidophiles | habit=high acidity soils,hot springs,hydrothermal vents;Archaebateria
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| Methanogens | habit=swamps,sewage,anerobic environments;Archaebacteria
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| Halophiles | "salt lovers"; Dead Sea;Great Salt Lake
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| Kingdom Eubacteria | No agreement exactly how to classify this kingdom
Scientific names usual describe characteristics of the cells
Parasitic groups= Rickettsiae,Spirochetes,Mycoplasmas
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| Coccus | shape=round or oval
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| Bacillus | shape=rod
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| Spirillum | Shape=tight spiral
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| Spirochete | shape= loose,curvy,wavy,circle
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| Diplo | arrangement=paired
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| Strepto | arrangement=chain
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| Staphylo | arrangement=clusters
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| Capsule | external covering of the cell wall; sticky; helps bacteria adhere to surfaces
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| Cell wall | support;protection;regulates movement in/out
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| Cell membrane/plasma membrane | Bi-layer phospholipids;regulates movement in/out;contains enzymes for metabolism
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| Endosperm | Dormant,tough,and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria
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| Fimbria/fimbriae | outside of the cell wall and capsule;fibrous bristles;used for grasping surfaces or other bacteria
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| Flagellum/flagella | locomotion;strand of protein;single or can be multiple;3 parts:filament,hook,basal body
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| Nuclear area | Non-membrane bound area that contains DNA
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| Pilus/pili | used for attachment and transfer of genetic information between cells;reproduction
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| Plasmid | small circular portions of DNA that are separate from the main chromosomes
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| Ribosome | Non-membrane bound organelle;protein synthesis
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| Virology | the study of viruses
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| Etiology | study of the cause of a disease
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