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Biology
Quiz Bacteria and Plants/ Plants notes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Vascular plants | Have tubes that carry liquid inside the plant;has roots,stems,and leaves |
| Veins | lines running through a leaf and carry water |
| Midrib | one vein in the middle of the leaf that is thicker than the rest; gets water from the stem and carries water to the rest of the smaller veins |
| Non-vascular plants | don't have tubes inside them; ex. Moss;Phylum Bryophyta(moss plants) |
| Lichens | NOT plants; actually fungus plus algae;they like places with clean air |
| Pods | Vessel that holds the seeds |
| Angiosperms | Speed container;Phylum Anthophyta(flower plants) |
| Gymnosperms | uncovered seed;Phylum Coniferophyta(Cone plants) |
| Seedless vascular plants | Phylum Pterophyta(wing plants);ferns;make sporangia |
| Sporangia | little spots filled with spores found on the leaves |
| Seeds | contain embryonic plants that are dormant |
| Seedling | little plant that first emerges from the seed |
| Testa | seed coat;comes off when seed is exposed to the water and warmth= germination |
| Hillum | "scar" on seed;place where seed was attached to the mother plant |
| Cotyledons | biggest part of the embryonic plant;provides food to the embryo once the seeds opens and the embryo starts growing into a plant |
| Endosperm | food for the embryo |
| Radicle | embryo's root;has tiny hairs to search for water and nutrients |
| Hypocotyl | embryo's stem;elongates and searches for light |
| Epicotyl | top of the embryo;holds the plumule |
| Plumule | first true leaves of the plant |
| Moncots | 1 cotyledon;leaves with veins going up to the top of leaf;no midrib; petals of flowers are in multiples of 3 |
| Dicots | 2 cotyledons;leaves with a midrib; petals of flowers are in multiples of 4 or 5 |
| Stomata | tiny holes on bottom of every leaf;"little mouths";allow important substances to enter the plant through the leaf;take in carbon dioxide;release water and oxygen |
| Guard Cells | 2 of them surround each stoma;banana-shaped;open the stoma in the morning to allow carbon dioxide;release water and oxygen |
| Transpiration | process in which the stomata open to the release excess water from the plant |
| Pathogen | organism that causes disease |
| Kingdom Archaebacteria | Archae= "ancient" Most live in extreme environments Methanogens= swamps,sewage,anaerobic environments Prokaryotic Cell walls do not contain peptidoglycan Have some characteristics similar to eukaryotic cells |
| Thermoacidophiles | habit=high acidity soils,hot springs,hydrothermal vents;Archaebateria |
| Methanogens | habit=swamps,sewage,anerobic environments;Archaebacteria |
| Halophiles | "salt lovers"; Dead Sea;Great Salt Lake |
| Kingdom Eubacteria | No agreement exactly how to classify this kingdom Scientific names usual describe characteristics of the cells Parasitic groups= Rickettsiae,Spirochetes,Mycoplasmas |
| Coccus | shape=round or oval |
| Bacillus | shape=rod |
| Spirillum | Shape=tight spiral |
| Spirochete | shape= loose,curvy,wavy,circle |
| Diplo | arrangement=paired |
| Strepto | arrangement=chain |
| Staphylo | arrangement=clusters |
| Capsule | external covering of the cell wall; sticky; helps bacteria adhere to surfaces |
| Cell wall | support;protection;regulates movement in/out |
| Cell membrane/plasma membrane | Bi-layer phospholipids;regulates movement in/out;contains enzymes for metabolism |
| Endosperm | Dormant,tough,and non-reproductive structure produced by certain bacteria |
| Fimbria/fimbriae | outside of the cell wall and capsule;fibrous bristles;used for grasping surfaces or other bacteria |
| Flagellum/flagella | locomotion;strand of protein;single or can be multiple;3 parts:filament,hook,basal body |
| Nuclear area | Non-membrane bound area that contains DNA |
| Pilus/pili | used for attachment and transfer of genetic information between cells;reproduction |
| Plasmid | small circular portions of DNA that are separate from the main chromosomes |
| Ribosome | Non-membrane bound organelle;protein synthesis |
| Virology | the study of viruses |
| Etiology | study of the cause of a disease |
Created by:
birdmanallen
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