Kin
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| Spinal Column Structure? | 7 Cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 fused sacrum, 3-5 infused coccyx
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| 3 Normal Curves of spine | Thoracic spine curves anteriorly
Cervical & Lumbar curves posteriorly
Spinal curves enable to absorb blows & shocks
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| Lordosis, Kyphosis, Lumbar Kyphosis, Scoliosis | increase posterior concaviry ot lumbar and cervical curves
increase anterior concavity of thoracic curve
reduction of normal lordotic curve/flat back
lateral curvature
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| Functional unit of spine? | 2 adjacent vertebrae and the disk that separates them
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| Articulation of vertebral bodies? | -cartiledge joint
-intervertebral discs=fibrocartiledge
-permits compressin in any direction & torsion
-shock absorber
-weak annulus fibrosus with age/injury
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| Inervertebral disk/herniated | nucelus protruding through annulus resulting from substanial weakening combined with compression
-protrusion=pressure on spinal nerve root
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| Joint vertabrae movement (except atlantoaxial) | -minimal movement
-comulative effect from lots verts to move lots
-gliding type joints due to limited gliding
-gliding between superior and inferior articular processes of facet joints
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| Articulation of Vertebral arches? Facets are? | -Facets or nonaxial
-enclosed in a capsule, permit gliding
-motion determined by the direct that the facets face
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| Articulation of cervical veterbral arches? Where is free rotation modederate? | -slant 45 degrees
-freely move in flexion/extenion/lateral flexion
-rotation is moderate from C2 down
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| Articulation of thoracic veterbral arches | -facets face backward, slightly upward and lateral
-permit rotation freely
-moderal flexion and extenion and lateral flexion
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| Articulation of lumbar veterbral arches | -facets face inward & slightly backward
-locked against rotation
-permits flexion and exteion and lateral flexion
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| Ribs? | 12 pairs-7 true attached to sternum, 5 fals pairs
-3 attack indirectly to sternum, 2 pairs are free
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| Atlanto-occipital Articulation? | -Condyles of occipital bone articulate with the aritular fossa of hte atlas
-the two bones act like a hinge joint
-permit flexion and exteion & slight lateral flexion
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| Atlantoaxial Articulation? | -Pivot Joint
-solve fuction is rotation/most mobile vertabrae pair
-dens project upward from axis and held in place by transverse ligament
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| Most Movement? Movement of Head? Trunk movements? | -movement occurs in cervical & lumbar, moderate thoracic
-head: between cranium and 1st cervical and with other cervical vertabrae "cervical moments"
-lumbar motion describes combined thoracic and lumbar since they move together
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| Cervical region movement degrees? | Flexes & extends and lateral flexes 45
rotates 60
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| Lumbar spine movement degrees? | Flexes approximated 80, extends 20-30, lateral 35, rotational 45
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| Regional spinal movement classifications of : atlantooccipital, atlantoaxial, cervical joints | -flexion/extension/hyperextension/lat flex
-rotation
-flex/ex/lat flex/moderate rot
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| Regional spinal movement of thoracic and lumbar | -mod flex/slight ex/mod lat flax/rot
-flex/ex/lat flex/little rot
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| Influences of stability and mobility? | Thick disks=more motion
pressure/tension
anteroposterior curves-degree of movement
-thickness & strength-motions permiteted influence
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| Abdominable wall attachments? | aponeurosis fascia aroudn rectus abdominus
(external/interal) oblique &transversus abdominis
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| Muscles that move the head? | Splenius & sternocleidomastoid move head lots of power
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| Cervical Flexion? Cervical Extension? | Flexion: sternocleiodomastoid
Extension: Erector Spinae & Splenius
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| Cervical lateral flexion & rotation? | Lateral Flexion & rotation(be side specific): Sternocleidomastoid, splenius, erector spinae
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| Lumbar Flexion and Extension? | Flexion: Rectus abdominis, external/interal oblique abdominable
Extension: Erector spinae, quadratus laborum
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| Lumbar Lat Flex and Rot? | Lat Flexion: Erector spinae, external/internal oblique abdominable, Rectus Abdominus & quatratus laborum
Rotational: Erector spinae, internal/external oblique obdominable
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| Good posture? | weight segments balance vertically, rotation gravity force is minimal (always present)
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| Prolonged postural strain consequences? | -ligaments can permanently stretch
-cartilage can be damaged due to abnormal friction
-arthritis
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| Erect standing: leg and hip? | Posteriior calf muscles more active then anterior, very little hip activity.
-illopsoas constantly active, prevents hyperextention of hip
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| Posture screening? | -Anterior to lateral malleolus & sacroilliac
-midline of knee joint center
-slightly posterior to hip
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| Scapula and clavicle? | Move as a unit
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| Shoulder girdle joint motion? | scapula moves on rib cage
at sternoclavicular joint, a little on acromioclavicular joint
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| SC *sternocalv* range of motion? | 15 protract, 15 retract, 45 elevate, 5 depress
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| scapulothoracic joint? kind of joint? | -not a true synovial joint
-no regular synovial features
-depends on SC and AC
-no ligament support
-support dynamicalyl through muscles
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| Movements of shoulder girdle | Abduction(protraction), adduction(retraction), downward/upward rotation, depress/elevate
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| Shoulder girdle muscles stabilize? | -scapula so shoulder joint has stable base, moves shoulder girdle, enhance upper extremity movement when extreme ROM occurs
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| When does shoulder girdlle-scapular lateral or medial tilt occur? | lateral-abduction, medial, extreme adduction
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| Open and closed chain of shoulder girdle? Segment moved? | Open chain-distal(arm not fixed)=shoulder girdle
Closed chain-proximal-fixed to something=trunk
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| 5 shoulder girdle muscles. attach to humerus? cause shoulder joint actions? | Trapezius (3 parts), rhomboid, levator scapula, serratus anterior and pec minor. Do not attach to humerus and do not cause shoulder joint actions
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| Scapula/Shoulder girdle abduction? | Pec Minor & Serratus Anterior
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| Scapula/Shoulder girdle adduction? | Middle & lower trap, rhomboid
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| Scapula/Shoulder girdle Lateral & Upward rotation? | Upper, middle & lower trap. Serratus anterior
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| Scapula/Shoulder girdle downward & medial movement? | Pec minor & rhomboid
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| Scapula/Shoulder girdle elevation? | Levator scapula, middle & upper trap, rhomboid
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| Scapula/Shoulder girdle depression | lower trap and pec minor
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| glenohumeral joint/shoulder joint? What kind is it? #arthridol? how many planes? | multiaxial ball and socket joint, enarthridol, moves in all 3 planes, most moveable joint
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| Size of gleniod fossa? Glenoid labrum does? | Shallow and smaller then humeral head. Glenoid labrum slightly enhances stability
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| Ligaments are lax until? Lack of static stability enhances dynamic stability from? | wide range of motion is involved. rotator cuff muscles
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| Shoulder joint movement degrees? | 90-95 abduction, 0-75 degrees anterior to trunk
40-60 extension, 90-100 flexion,70-90 rotation,45 horizontal adduct, 135 hori abduc
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| Why shoulder joint frequently injured? | Shallowness of glenoid fossa, laxity of ligmant structures, lack of strength/endurance of muscles
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| Should Joint pairing to shoulder girdle Abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, interal rotation, external rotation, horizontal abduction, horrizontal adduction | Upward Rot/elevation, downward rot/depression, elation/upward rot, depression/downward rot, abduction, adduction, adduction, abduction
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| Open and closed chain of shoulder joint | Open chain-distal:Upper arm
Closed chain-proximal: shoulder girdle
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| Shoulder joint flexion | Flexion: Ant. Deltoid, upper pec major and coracobrachilais
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| Shoulder Joint extension | teres major, lat dorsi, lower pec major, poster deltoid,
Assist: subscapularis,infraspinatus, teres minor
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| SHoulder joint abduction | Anterior, posterior and medial deltoid, Upper pec major 90 degrees and above, suprascapularis
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| Rotator cuff muscles? | SITS: Supraspinatus, infraspintaus, teres minor, subscapularis
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| Shoulder joint adduction? | -lattisimus dorsi, teres major, lower pec major, upper pec major 90 and below, Assistors: corochobrachialis, subscapularis
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| Shoulder joint internal rotation? | -Latt dorsi, teres major, pec major (upper and lower)
Assistor: delt anterior, subscapularis
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| Shoulder Joint External rotation? | -infraspinatus, teres minor (tubercle), Assistor: posterior deltoid
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| Shoulder joint horizontal abduction? | Posterior deltoid, infrasppinatus, teres minor, Assistor: latt dorsi
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| Shoulder joint horizontal adduction? | Anterior deltoid,pec major (upp and lower), coracobrachialis
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| Shoulder joint Diagnoal abduction? | Post delt, infraspinatus, teres minor, triceps brachii long head
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| Shoulder joint diangnal adduction? | ant delt, coracobrachilais, biceps brachii short head, upper and lower pec major
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| Where ulna is larger? where radius is larger? | Ulna is larger proximaly, radius larger distaly
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| Elbow joint type? movement allows? Interrelated joints? | Ginglymus/hinge type joint, only flexion/extension, humeroulnar and radiohumeral joints
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| Elbow joint stability? | Elbow flexes 20 degrees or more its bony stability is unlocked allowing for more side-to-side laxity
-stability in flexion is more dependant on the lateral and medial legiamanets
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| Ulnar collateral ligament? | Providing medial support to prevent elbow from abducting when in physical activity
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| Radial collateral ligament? | Provides lateral stability and is rarely injured
Annular ligament proves a slight effect around radial head for stability
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| Radioulnar joint type? Where radial and distal radius rotate? | Pivot-joint type, radial head rotates around proximal unla, distal radius rotatres around distal ulna, annular ligament maintains radial head in its joint
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| Radioulnar joint supinate/pronate? | 80-90 supinate, 70-80 pronate
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| Elbow flexors? | Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, some from pronator teres
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| Elbow extensors? | Triceps brachii, anconeus some assistance (psuh up)
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| Radioulnar pronators | pronator teres, pronator quadratus, brachioradialis
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| Radioulnar supinator | biceps brachii, supinar muscle, brachioradialis, tightening a screw
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| Extension and Supination Arm | triceps brachii, anconeus, supinator
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| Flexion and Pronation Arm | Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradailis, pronator teres, pronator quadratus
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| Open and closed chain hands | Open chain(bicep curl)-distal: forearm
Closed: pullup/pushup-proximan: upper arm
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| Posterior Logitudinal Ligament of Spinal column limits? Anterior? | Flexion of trunk, extension of trunk
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| What type of joint occurs between the superior and inferior articulating facets of adjacent vertebrae | non-axial gliding
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| The internal oblique generates ________________, and the external oblique generates _________________. | rotation Same side, rotation opposite side
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| In order to look over your shoulder behind you, rotation in the transverse plane must occur in the _____________ regions. | cervical and thoracic
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| The spinous processes of the thoracic vertabrae protrude _______________, which limits thoracic _____________. | : downward/backward, extension
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| In anatomical position, where is the center of gravity located relative to the spine? | Anterior
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| An action common to the teres minor and infraspinatus is? | External Rotation
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| Which of the following is a factor that contributes to stability of the shoulder joint? | tight configuration of the ligaments
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| Where does most of the motion of the elbow joint occur? | humeralulnar joint
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| Supination and pronation of the radioulnar joint motion predominately occurs by the _____________ with respect to the _______________. | radius, ulnar
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| Raising the humerus high out to the side (abduction of the shoulder joint) to ask a question involves which motion of the scapula? | Elevation
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| Which of the following are actions of the shoulder girdle? | upward rotation, abduction, elevation
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| Which of the following actions is performed by the levator scapulae? | elevation
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| An action common to lattisimus dorsi, teres major, and lower pectoralis major is ___________________. | extension
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| Which of the following is not a function of the latissimus dorsi? | external rotate
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| The actions of the lower portion of the trapezius include all of the following except: | elevation
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| Which of the following is an action of the middle fibers of the deltoid? | abduction
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| What Latt dorsi do? | Extension, Adduction, horizontal abduction, internal rotation
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| What deltoid Ant, Middle, Post fibers do? | Anterior: Flexes, abducts,horizontal adduction, & internal rotation
Middle: abduction
Post: extension, horizontal abduction,external rotation, abduction
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| Motions of corochobrachialis? | Flexion, adduction, horizontal adduction
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| Motions of subscapularis? | internal rotation, adduction, extension
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| Motions of supraspinatus? | abduction
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| Motions of infraspinatus? (back) | -extension, external rotation, horizontal abduction
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| Motions of teres major? | Extension, adduction, internal rotation
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| Motions of teres minor? | external rotation, horizontal abduction, extension
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