Mycology - CLLS-312
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| What is Mycology? | Study of fungus
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| What are fungi? | microorganisms that include molds, yeast, and mushrooms
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| Mycoses | fungal diseases
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| How are mycoses classified | by the tissue or body site infected
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| Superficial | outermost layers of skin
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| cutaneous | keratin in skin, hair, and nails. causes inflammation in the skin
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| subcutaneous | soft tissue, muscles, and bones immediately below the skin
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| systemic | involve deep tissue and organs of the body
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| Transmission of fungi | often inhalation of spores or through a puncture wound
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| fungi are | eukaryotic
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| Pigment may appear in what 3 places | top of colony (surface pigment), underside of colony(reverse pigment), diffused into media (diffusible pigment)
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| Rugose | have furrows radiating from the center to the edge of the colony
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| umbonate | raised center but may also exhibit furrows around the central button
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| verucose | wrinkled surface
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| textures | wooly/cottony, granular/powdery, velvety, glabrous
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| wooly/cottony | dense, high aerial mycelium
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| granular/powdery | very flat mycelia but produce numbers of conidia
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| velvety | low, very dense aerial mycelia
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| glabrous | no aerial mycelium, fungi, and yeasts will have a waxy appearance
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| Sexual spores | Ascospores, Zygospores, basidiospores
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| asexual spores | Sporangiospore, and Conidiospore
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| aseptate | without cross walls
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| septate | with cross walls
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| mycelium | mass of hyphae
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| conidia | asexual spores
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| conidiophore | support structure for conidia
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| Superficial mucoses | infections limited to the outermost layers of the skin and hair
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| cutaneous mycoses | infections that extend deeper into the epidermis, as well as invasive hair and nail diseases
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| dermatophytes | homogenous group of fungi that cause a variety of infections of hair, skin & nails
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| Tinea capitis | ringworm of scalp
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| Tinea corporis | ringworm of trunk, arms, and legs
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| Tinea cruris | Jock itch-ringworm of groin
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| Tinea pedis | athletes foot. ringworm of foot
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| Tinea ungulum | infection of nails
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| Ectothrix | infection of hair shaft surface
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| endothrix | infection of hair shaft interior
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| Urease | T.mentagrophytes:(+)within 7 days
T.rubrum: (-)
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| in vitro hair penetration | T. mentafrophytes (+)
T.rubrum (-)
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| growth in polished rice grains | M.audouinii: no growth
other microsporum species: growth
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| growth on trichophyton agars | T.violaceium, T.verrucosum, T.tonsurans: enhanced with thiamine (agar#4)
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| tinea | ringworm
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| 3 genre of dermatophytes | Microsporum, Tichophyton, and Epidermophyton
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| subcutaneous mycoses | infections involving the dermis, subcutaneous tissues, muscle & fascia
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| Initiated by trauma to the skin and difficult to treat | subcutaneous mycoses
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| systemic mycoses | originate primarily in lungs and may spread to other organ systems
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| What is the best specimen | direct smear: some fungi can only be distinguished by micro appearance
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| Methods of direct exam methods | KOH, Calcofluor White Stain, India Ink Prep, Alcian Blue/Mucicarmine stains
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| Histology stains | PAS, Methenamine Silver Stain, H&E, Modified Acid Fast, Giemsa, Papanicolaou stain.
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| Molds grow best in | ambient air (room temp)
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| Nutritionally rich media | asexual spores
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| poor nutrition media | sexual spores
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