C++ is a compiled language and includes OO features. "Quiz 4"
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What function must every program have in C++? | int main() {...}
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| How do you denote a comment in C++? Also multi-line comments? | // A Comment: also an OS-independent newline.
/* ... */ Denotes a multi-line comment.
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| How should you create C++ source code files? With what extension does the file have? | C++ source code files should be created with a text editor and have the extension .cpp
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| In Windows, the GNU C++ compiler is called DJGPP; How do you compile and run the source code titled hello.cpp from an MS-DOS box? | gxx hello.cpp -o hello.exe
>>>hello
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| How do you compile and run hello.cpp in the UNIX shell window? | g++ hello.cpp -o hello -Wall -O
./hello
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| What function does -o hello serve? | -o renames the default a.out executable. In Windows the default is A.EXE
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| What function does -Wall serve? | -Wall turns on all warnings.
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| What function does -O serve? | -O optimizes (compiles slower but runs faster)
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| How do you use the network or GUI interface in UNIX? | You must use the X and socket libraries.
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| How do you use the network or GUI interface in Windows? | You must use the Windows API and a compiler that supports them; such as, from Microsoft. GUI/network programming is nonportable.
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| Where can you find links to free and commercial C++ compilers? | Visit cplusplus (dot) com for links.
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| A program is a collection of what three elements? | A program is a collection of functions, and type and object declarations.
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| s; | Expression or declaration
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| ; | Empty statement
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| {s; s;} | A block or 0 or more statements is a statement
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| if (t) s; | If t is true then s
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| if (t) s; else s; | else is optional
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| while (t) s; | Loop 0 or more times
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| for (s1; t; s2) s; | s1; while (t) (s; s2;)
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| break; | Jump from while, for, do, switch
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| return x; | Return x to calling function
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| try {throw x;} | Throw exception, abort if not caught, x has any type
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| catch (T y) {s;} catch (...) {s;} | if x has type T then y=x, jump to s
else jump here (optional)
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| do s; while (t); | (uncommon) s; while (t) s;
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| continue; | (uncommon) Start next loop of while, for, do
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| switch (i) { case C: s; break; default: s; } | if (i==C) go here
optional, else go here
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| label: goto label; | (rare) Jump to label within a function
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| Give a declaration example: | int a[10], i=0, j;
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| Give a expression example: | a[i+2]=3;
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| Declarations are destroyed at the end of a block {s; s;} (True/False)? | Declarations like a, i, j; and expressions like a[i+2]=3 are destroyed at end of block {s; s;}.
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 1 | X::m Member m of namespace or class X
::m Global name m when otherwise hidden by a local declaration
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 2 | p[i] i'th element of container p
x.m Member m of object x
p->m Member m of object pointed to by p
f(x,y) Call function f()
i++
i--
static_cast<T>(x)
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 3 | *p
&x
-a
!i
(T)x
new T
delete p
++i
--i
sizeof x
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 4 | x.*p (rare)
q->*p (rare)
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 5 | a*b
a/b
i%p
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 6 | a+b
a-b
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 7 | x<<y
x>>y
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 8 | x<y
x>y
x<=y
x>=y
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 9 | x==y
x!=y
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 10 | i&j AND
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 11 | i^j XOR
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 12 | x|j OR
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 13 | i&&j i AND THEN j only if i is TRUE
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 14 | i||j i OR ELSE j only if i is FALSE
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 15 | x=y
x+=y
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 16 | i?x:y If i is TRUE then x ELSE y
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 17 | throw x
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| 18 levels of operator precedence: 18 | x,y Evaluate x and y, RESULT is y
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