anatomy of respiration terms
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| respiration | exchange of gas between an organism and its environment
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| inspiration | bringing oxygen to cells of the body by breathing in
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| expiration | eliminate waste products by breathing out
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| alveoli | minute air sacs located deep within the lungs; where gas exchange happens
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| air pressure | force exerted on walls of a chamber by molecules of air
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| Boyle's law | with a gas at a constant temperature (normally oxygen), as volume increased pressure decreased, and vice versa
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| the bony thorax contains... | the pectoral girdle [scapula & clavicle], sternum, and pelvic girdle
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| muscle of respiration | the diaphragm
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| C 3,4, and 5.... | keep the diaphragm alive!
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| carina | point of the first bifurcation in the bronchial tree
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| birfurcation | splitting into two parts
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| airway patency | airway is open
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| terminal bronchiole | final tube in bronchial
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| surfactant | substance which reduces surface tension to keep alveoli from collapsing during respiration (due to the negative pressure within the alveoli)
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| diaphragm | contracts to enlarge the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity
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| ribcage | elevates to enlarge the transverse dimension of the thoracic cavity
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| pleural lining | lining which completely covers the lungs and inner thoracic wall; privdes means of smooth contact for rough tissue; provides mechanism for translating force of thorax enlargement into inspiration
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| visceral pleural lining | encases the lungs
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| parietal pleural lining | thoracic linings identified by their locations -> mediastinal, pencardial, diaphragmatic, costal & apical
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| costal pleura | covers inner surface of the rib cage
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| apical pleura | covers the superior most region of the rib cage
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| pleural membranes | composed of elastic fibrous tissue
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| pleurisy |
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| central tendon | intermediate region which is made up of large, leafy aponeurosis
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| aponeurosis | sheet like tendon
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| abdominal aorta hiatus | where the descending abdominal aorta passes through the diaphragm; adjacent to the vertebral column
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| esophageal hiatus | where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm
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| foramen vena cava | where the inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm
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| external intercostal muscles | provide ribs with both unity and mobility; elevate rib cage
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| clavicular breathing | a form of respiration in which a major source of thorax expansion arises from elevation of rib cage via contraction of neck accessory muscles of inspiration, most notably sternocleidomastoid
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| passive expiration | diaphragm returns to its resting position with no use of accessory muscles
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| thoracic fixation | closing off the vocal folds in order to increase the pressure in the abdomen and thoracic cavity i.e. childbirth
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| positive pressure | air molecules are compressed, container is smaller
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| negative pressure | a lot of space between air molecules, container is large
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| esophagus | collapsed tube (unless a bolus is going down)
posterior to trachea
pushes food down through gravity and peristaltic muscle contractions
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| hyperventilation | occurs when the rate and quantity of alveolar ventilation of carbon dioxide exceeds body's production of carbon dioxide
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| hypoxia | a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply
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| recoil forces | the greater you distend or distort material, the greater is force required to hold it in that position and greater is force with which it returns to rest; referring to the thoracic cavity
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