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Anatomy- Respiration
anatomy of respiration terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| respiration | exchange of gas between an organism and its environment |
| inspiration | bringing oxygen to cells of the body by breathing in |
| expiration | eliminate waste products by breathing out |
| alveoli | minute air sacs located deep within the lungs; where gas exchange happens |
| air pressure | force exerted on walls of a chamber by molecules of air |
| Boyle's law | with a gas at a constant temperature (normally oxygen), as volume increased pressure decreased, and vice versa |
| the bony thorax contains... | the pectoral girdle [scapula & clavicle], sternum, and pelvic girdle |
| muscle of respiration | the diaphragm |
| C 3,4, and 5.... | keep the diaphragm alive! |
| carina | point of the first bifurcation in the bronchial tree |
| birfurcation | splitting into two parts |
| airway patency | airway is open |
| terminal bronchiole | final tube in bronchial |
| surfactant | substance which reduces surface tension to keep alveoli from collapsing during respiration (due to the negative pressure within the alveoli) |
| diaphragm | contracts to enlarge the vertical dimension of the thoracic cavity |
| ribcage | elevates to enlarge the transverse dimension of the thoracic cavity |
| pleural lining | lining which completely covers the lungs and inner thoracic wall; privdes means of smooth contact for rough tissue; provides mechanism for translating force of thorax enlargement into inspiration |
| visceral pleural lining | encases the lungs |
| parietal pleural lining | thoracic linings identified by their locations -> mediastinal, pencardial, diaphragmatic, costal & apical |
| costal pleura | covers inner surface of the rib cage |
| apical pleura | covers the superior most region of the rib cage |
| pleural membranes | composed of elastic fibrous tissue |
| pleurisy | |
| central tendon | intermediate region which is made up of large, leafy aponeurosis |
| aponeurosis | sheet like tendon |
| abdominal aorta hiatus | where the descending abdominal aorta passes through the diaphragm; adjacent to the vertebral column |
| esophageal hiatus | where the esophagus passes through the diaphragm |
| foramen vena cava | where the inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm |
| external intercostal muscles | provide ribs with both unity and mobility; elevate rib cage |
| clavicular breathing | a form of respiration in which a major source of thorax expansion arises from elevation of rib cage via contraction of neck accessory muscles of inspiration, most notably sternocleidomastoid |
| passive expiration | diaphragm returns to its resting position with no use of accessory muscles |
| thoracic fixation | closing off the vocal folds in order to increase the pressure in the abdomen and thoracic cavity i.e. childbirth |
| positive pressure | air molecules are compressed, container is smaller |
| negative pressure | a lot of space between air molecules, container is large |
| esophagus | collapsed tube (unless a bolus is going down) posterior to trachea pushes food down through gravity and peristaltic muscle contractions |
| hyperventilation | occurs when the rate and quantity of alveolar ventilation of carbon dioxide exceeds body's production of carbon dioxide |
| hypoxia | a condition in which the body or a region of the body is deprived of adequate oxygen supply |
| recoil forces | the greater you distend or distort material, the greater is force required to hold it in that position and greater is force with which it returns to rest; referring to the thoracic cavity |
Created by:
terriers16
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