NOV BRDS
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| IgG vs. IgM | IgG vs. IgM
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| Structure of IgG | monomer
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| structure of IgM | pentamer
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| number of binding sites | IgG=2 igM=10
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| type of antibody of IgG | immune
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| type of antibody of IgM | natural occurring
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| Optimum temp of reactivity IgG | 37
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| ABO DISCREPENCIES | ABO DISCREPENCIES
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| anti-A, Anti B, A1, A2, B cells, O cells,auto 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 possible causes and resolution | cause: missing isoagglutinins
resolution: 1. repeat reverse typing with 4 drops of serum
2. incubate at room temp 30 mins
3. run auto control and sreening cells
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| anti-A, Anti B, A1, A2, B cells, O cells,auto 4+ 0 1+ 0 4+ 0 0 | possible cause: A2 with anti-A1
resolution: 1. type with anti-A1
2. test serum with additional A1 and A2 cells
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| anti-A, Anti B, A1, A2, B cells, O cells,auto 4+ 4+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ 2+ | possible cause: rouleaus
resolution: 1. use washed RBC's cells in saline for forward grouping
2. Perform saline replacement tech in reverse grouping
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| anti-A, Anti B, A1, A2, B cells, O cells,auto 3+ 4+ 1+ 0 0 0 0 | possible cause: A2 B with anti-A1
resolution: 1. type cells with anti-A1.
2 test serum with additional A1 and A2 cells.
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| anti-A, Anti B, A1, A2, B cells, O cells,auto 4+ 2+ 0 0 0 0 0 | possible cause: acquired B antigen.
resolution:1. check medical history for GI problen or septicemia. 2. type with human anti-B acidifed to pH 6.0 or monoclonal anti-B.
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| anti-A, Anti B, A1, A2, B cells, O cells,auto 4+ 4+ 2+ 0 0 2+ 0 | possible cause: AB with cold alloantibody.
resolution: 1. Perform antibody panel. 2. Repeat forward grouping with B cells lacking the corresponding antigen.
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| ABO TYPING | ABO TYPING
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| ANTI-A, ANTI-B, A CELLS, B CELLS 0 0 + + | GROUP O
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| ANTI-A, ANTI-B, A CELLS, B CELLS + 0 0 + | GROUP A
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| ANTI-A, ANTI-B, A CELLS, B CELLS 0 + + 0 | GROUP B
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| ANTI-A, ANTI-B, A CELLS, B CELLS + + 0 0 | GROUP AB
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| ABO SYSTEM | ABO SYSTEM
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| ANTIGENS ON RBC ANTIBODY IN SERUM neither Anti-A, Anti-B | GROUP O
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| ANTIGENS ON RBC ANTIBODY IN SERUM A Anti-B | GROUP A
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| ANTIGENS ON RBC ANTIBODY IN SERUM B Anti-A | GROUP B
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| ANTIGENS ON RBC ANTIBODY IN SERUM A and B Neither anti-A nor anti-B | GROUP A and B
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| ABO GENOTYPES/PHENOTYPES | ABO GENOTYPES/PHENOTYPES
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| PHENOTYPE A | AA, AO
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| PHENOTYPE B | BB, BO
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| PHENOTYPE AB | AB
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| PHENOTYPE O | OO
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| DIRECT (DAT) vs. INDIRECT (IAT) | DIRECT (DAT) vs. INDIRECT (IAT)
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| in-vivo sensitization of RBC's by IgG antibody is dettected by DAT or IAT | DAT
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| In vitro sensitization of RBC's by IgG antibody is detected by DAT or IAT | IAT
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| What specimen is used for DAT | EDTA
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| does DAT require incubation | NO
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| What specimen is used for IAT | serum, plasma or RBC's
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| DAT detects what (4) | 1. Hemolytic disease of the newborn
2. transfusion reactions
3. autoimmune hemolytic anemia
4.drug-induced hemolytic anemia
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| IAT detects what (4) | 1. antibody screen
2. crossmatch
3. RBC phenotyping
4. weak D testing (Du)
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| DAT false positives: (6) | 1. complement binding in vitro if RBC's taken from a red top and AHG used.
2. septicemia
3. contamination of specimen
4. Wharton's jelly in cord blood
5. overreading
6. overcentrifugation
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| IAT false positives: (2) | 1. cells with positve DAT
2. Overcentrifugation
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| DAT false negatives: (6) | 1. interrupting testing
2. contamination, improper storage, outdated AHG.
3. Failure to add AHG
4. Neutralization of AHG
5. Dilution of AHG by residual saline
6. over/undercentrifugation
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| IAT false negatives: (same as DAT) plus: | over/under incubation
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