Practice test of ClinChem1 on chapters 8,9 for DelTech Owens
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| Most glomerular disorders are of __ origin. | immune
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| Glomerular disorders are often accompanied by increased ? | serum IgA
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| A sterile, inflammatory process affecting the glomerulus is called ? | glomerularnephritis
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| What 3 things can be seen in the urine of someone with glomerularnephritis? | blood, protein, casts
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| Glomerularnephritis can quickly go from acute to chronic to __ syndrome, and finally to __ __. | nephrotic syndrome, renal failure
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| This protein comes from A streptococcal infections and acts as a toxin that irritates the glomerulus. | M protein
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| An autoimmune disorder against glomerular and alveolar basement membranes is called ? | Goodpasture's Syndrome
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| Goodpasture's syndrome is caused by a __ __ __ __ often following a viral respiratory disease. | antiglomerula basement membrane antibody
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| Rapidly progressive glomerularnephritis may be accompanied by what signs in the urine? | 1. high protein 2. signs of low GFR 3. fibrin degradation products 4. cryoglobulins
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| Goodpasture's syndrome may be accompanied by what in the urine? | Hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts
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| Inflammation and granulomas in small blood vessels of the lungs and kidney is called ? | Wegener's Granulomatosis
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| Wegener's granulomatosis is caused by __ __ antibodies. | antieutrophilic cytoplasmic
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| In Wegener's granulomatosis, BUN and creatinine levels will be ? | elevated
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| What is the name of a condition that causes raised red patches on the skin, bloody sputum and stools, and often happens in children following respiratory infections? | Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
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| What symptoms can be detected in the urine of patient's Henoch-Schonlein Purpura? | proteinuria, hematuria, RBC csts
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| When IgG immune complexes on glomerular basement membranes cause thickening of the glomerulus, this is called ? | Membranous glomerulonephritis
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| Membranous glomerulonephritis is often accompanied by microscopic __ and very high protein levels in the urine. | hematuria
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| For acute glomerulonephritis, you will see __ __ in the urine. But for chronic glomerulonephritis, you will see __ and __ casts. | RBC casts, broad and waxy
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| The most common cause of glomerulonephritis is ? | Berger's disease (Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy)
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| It can take __ years for Berger's disease to fully set in. | 20
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| What syndrome can be acute due to systemic shock or complications of glomerulonephritis? | Nephrotic syndrome
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| In nephrotic syndrome, protein passes through the membrane and __ __ levels are depleted, causing increased __ production. | serum albumin, lipid
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| A urinalysis of a patient with nephrotic syndrome will show proteinuria of greater than __ grams per day. | greater than 3.5 g/day
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| A urinalysis of a patient with nephrotic syndrome will show what in the urine (besides proteinuria)? | fat droplets, oval fat bodies, fatty casts
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| IgM and C3 immune deposits in the glomeruli can result in ? | focal segmental glomerulonephritis
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| Focal segmental glomerulonephritis is often a result of ? | heroine and analgesic abuse, or HIV
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| An inherited sex-linked and autosomal disorder affecting basement membranes is called ? | Alport's syndrome
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| In Alport's syndrome, which gender is most affected? | men
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| What is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease? | diabetic nephropathy
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| Increased deposits of cellular and acellular material within the matrix of the Bowman's capsule and around the capillary tufts is called ? | diabetic nephropathy
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| The deposits of cellular and acellular materials in diabetic nephropathy are associated with __ __ from poorly controlled diet. | glycosylated proteins
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| Diabetic nephropathy is a reason for early __ testing. | microalbumin
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| Acute tubular necrosis can result in noticeable __ cells, casts, and fragments in the urine. | RTE (renal tubular epithelial)
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| Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is due to a failure to produce ? | ADH
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| Renal glycosuria only affects the __ of glucose. | reabsorption
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| The most common renal disease is ? | UTI
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| Cystitis is an infection of the ? | bladder
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| In cystitis, you can expect to find what in the urine? | WBCs/pyuria, bacteria, increased pH, mild proteinuria, hematuria
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| Ascending movement of bacteria that can travel up the urethra into the ureter and that is accompanied by burning and lower back pain is called ? | acute pyelonephritis
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| Acute pyelonephritis will result in the same urinalysis as cystitis but with __ __. | WBC casts
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| A urinalysis that finds hematuria, protienuria, pyuria, and WBC casts, but NO bacteria, could be the result of ? | Acute interstitial nephritis
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| Chronic renal failure can be accompanied by a GFR of __. | less than 25 mL/min
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| Chronic renal failure can be accompanied by BUN and creatinine levels that are (high or low)? | high
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| What kind of casts can you expect to see in urine of patient's with chronic renal failure? | Granular, waxy, broad
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| Renal lithiasis is another term for ? | kidney stones
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| Metabolic overflow disorders can be due to what defects? | 1. Melanuria 2. 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid 3. porphyria 4. infantile tyrosinemia (make sure you at least know the first 2)
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| Inherited overflow disorders can be due to what defects? | 1. Porphyria 2. Galactosemia 3. maple syrup urine disease 4. phenylketonuria 5. tyrosinemia 6. organic acidemias 7. cystinosis 8. Lesch-Nyhan disease (make sure you know the first 2)
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| Renal disorders can be due to what defects? | 1. Hartnup disease 2. Cystinuria
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| When phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing due to aminoacidurias, urine may have a permanent __ color. | green-blue
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| Isovaleric refers to a "sweaty foot odor" from the __. | patient (not urine)
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| Name 3 porphyrin disorders. | 1. uroporphyrin 2. coproporphyrin 3. protoprophyrin
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| Patients with porphyrin disorders will have what 3 things in their urine? | 1. ALA 2. porphobilinogin 3. urobilinogen
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| Patients with porphyrin disorders will have what 2 things in their feces? | 1. coproporphyrin 2. protoporphyrin
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| Porphyrin disorders can give urine what color after air exposure? This will also be seen on diapers. | port wine
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| Purine disorders/Lesch-Nyhan disease can result in a massive excretion of ? | uric acid crystals
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