Non-Protein Nitrogen substances-NPN
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| show | convert nitrogen to ammonia which formed a yellow color
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| show | Nitroprusside + NH4 = color
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| show | major nitrogen-containing metabolic product of protein catabolism in humans
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| show | Exogenous protein: protein in diet
Endogenous: protein from breakdown of cells in body
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| show | In the liver from CO2 and ammonia
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| How is ammonia formed? | show 🗑
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| show | carried in blood to the kidney and filtered in the glomerulus
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| show | 60% is excreted and about 40% is reabsorbed
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| show | indicator of renal function/ how well kidneys work
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| Uremia | show 🗑
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| Azotemia | show 🗑
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| show | caused by reduced renal blood flow
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| show | decreased renal function
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| Post-renal | show 🗑
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| What do high levels of BUN mean? | show 🗑
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| Renal disease | show 🗑
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| Normal urea/creatinine ratio | show 🗑
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| show | high ration/creatinine is normal
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| show | high ration/creatinine is elevated
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| Severe liver disease | show 🗑
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| BUN-Analytic Methods | show 🗑
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| show | divide the molecular weight of nitrogen by the molecular weight if urea (28/60) for a factor of 0.467
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| To convert urea nitrogen to urea | show 🗑
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| Diactyl or Fearon reaction | show 🗑
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| show | Hydrolysis of urea by urease
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| show | Glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH) procedure and Nessler's reaction
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| GLDH | show 🗑
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| Nessler's reaction | show 🗑
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| Ion selective electrodes | show 🗑
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| Chromogen dyes | show 🗑
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| show | Serum. DO NOT USE: sodium citrate or sodium fluoride - inhibit urease reaction of analysis. fasting is not required
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| BUN normal ranges | show 🗑
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| show | It is synthesized in the liver and transported to tissue (mostly muscle) and converted to phosphocreatine
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| Creatinine | show 🗑
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| show | creatine and creatine phosphate
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| show | glomeruli and does not undergo and significant tubular reabsorption.
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| How is creatinine excreted | show 🗑
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| show | abnormal renal function / decreased glomerulus filtration rate. GFR= V/T
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| show | The volume of plasma cleared of creatinine per minute per standard body surface/ assessment of GFR. More muscle mass the more creatinine you make
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| show | muscle disease, muscular dystrophy, hyperthyroidism, trauma. NOT RELATED TO RENAL DISEASE. Not commonly tested in lab
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| Jaffee reaction | show 🗑
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| show | measures the rate of change in absorbance/serum mixed with alkaline picric acid, rate of reaction is measured (color)/fewer interferences/ routinely used
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| Enzymatic reaction | show 🗑
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| Creatinine specimen requirements | show 🗑
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| Creatinine interfering factors | show 🗑
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| BUN:Cr ratio | show 🗑
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| Renal disease (BUN:Cr ratio) | show 🗑
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| Prerenal azotemia | show 🗑
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| show | high ratios with an elevated Cr
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| show | nitrogenous end product of the catabolism of purines (from dietary & endogenous sources)/primarily occurs in the liver & transported to the kidney via plasma
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| uric acid at a pH less than 5.6 | show 🗑
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| show | urate is insoluable/forms crystals
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| show | pain & inflammation of the joints/found in men 30-50/ deposits of sodium urates in connective tissues, primarily joints
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| show | overproduction or under excretion f uric acid/increased purine diet or drugs/increased catabolism of nucleic acids of cell nuclei. Found in Chemotherapy
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| Uric acid - Chronic renal disese | show 🗑
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| Lesch-Nyhan syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | decreased uric acid result of liver disease and reabsorption defects
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| Caraway method (uric acid analysis) | show 🗑
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| Uricase method (uric acid analysis) | show 🗑
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| Coupled enzyme (uric acid analysis) | show 🗑
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| Specimen requirements for uric acid analysis | show 🗑
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| Interfering substances in uric acid analysis | show 🗑
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| Ammonia results from | show 🗑
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| What happens to ammonia | show 🗑
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| show | high concentration: Encephalopathy, Hepatic failure, Reyes syndrome, and inherited deficiencies of the urea cycle enzmes
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| ammonia - analytic methods | show 🗑
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| show | whole blood levels rapidly increase following collection/ specimen should be: placed immediately on ice, centrifuged at 0-4 degrees within 20 minutes of collection, and assayed or frozen asap
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| Ammona sources of error | show 🗑
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| show | plasma
adult: 19-60ml/dl
child:68-136ml/dl
urine 140-1500mg N/day
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| show | removal of unwanted substances from the plasma/homeostasis/hormonal regulation
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| show | Nephron
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| What are the 5 functional parts of Nephron? | show 🗑
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| show | urea, creatinine, and uric acid
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| show | used to measure clearance/Creatinine clearance/used to determine GFR
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| Clearance measurements: Estimated GFR | show 🗑
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| show | does not provide a full clearance assessment/ only 40% reabsorbed
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| Clearance measurements: urine electrophoresis | show 🗑
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| B2-microglobulins | show 🗑
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| myoglobulin | show 🗑
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| microalbumin | show 🗑
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| cystatin C | show 🗑
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| urinalysis | show 🗑
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| show | disorders or diseases that directly damage the renal glomerulus
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| show | rapid on set of symptoms, hematuria, proteinuria, elevated BUN and creatinine, hyaline and granular casts, associated with strep a
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| chronic glomerularnephritis | show 🗑
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| show | complication of glomerularnephritis or as a result of circulatory disorders that affect blood pressure or blood flow to kidney/proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, pitting anemia
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| show | inflammatory process involving a bacteria infection of the renal rubules by gram- bacteria/usually does not cause permanent damage/common causes: catheterization, urinary obstruction, diabetes
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| show | permanent scarring of the renal tubules, can lead to renal failure/ findings: alkaline pH, bacteria, nocturia, polyuria, decreased specific gravity, proteinuria
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| Cystitis | show 🗑
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| tubular disease renal tubular acidosis (RTA) | show 🗑
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| show | infections in the kidney or bladder,bacterial colony count > 10x 3, bacteruria, hematuria & pyuria/obstruction in upper or lower tract/kidney stones
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| renal failure | show 🗑
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