Study guide for a grade 9 honors biology final.
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| Ecology | The study of interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment.
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| Biotic Factor | A living component of the environment.
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| Abiotic Factor | A nonliving component of the environment, including the physical and chemical characteristics of the environment.
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| Acclimation | The adjustment of tolerance to abiotic factors.
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| Conformer | An organism that does not regulate its internal conditions.
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| Regulator | An organism that uses energy to control some internal conditions.
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| Niche | A species' way of life, or the role that it plays in its environment.
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| Fundamental Niche | The range of conditions that a species can potentially tolerate as well as the resources it can potentially use.
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| Realized Niche | The range of resources that a species actually uses.
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| Generalist | A species with broad niches, being able to tolerate a range of conditions and use a variety of resources.
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| Specialist | A species that has narrow niches.
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| Population Density | How crowded a population is.
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| Dispersion | The spatial distribution of individuals within a population.
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| Density-Independent Factor | A limiting factor that reduces population size by the same proportion, regardless of the population's size.
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| Density-Dependent Factor | A factor that that reduces population size in relation to the population density.
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| Predator | An individual who captures, kills, and consumes another individual.
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| Prey | An individual who is captured, killed, and consumed.
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| Herbivore | An organism that eats plants.
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| Secondary Compound | A chemical synthesized by plants that is poisonous, irritating, or bad-tasting.
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| Parasitism | A species interaction that resembles predation where one individual is harmed while the other benefits.
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| Parasite | The individual who feeds on another individual in parasitism.
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| Host | The individual being feeded on in parasitism.
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| Ectoparasite | An external parasite that lives on their host but does not enter the host's body.
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| Endoparasite | An internal parasite that lives inside of the hosts body.
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| Competitive Exclusion | A principle in which one species is eliminated from a community because of competition for the same limited resource.
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| Mutualism | A cooperative relationship in which both species derives some benefit.
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| Species Richness | The number of species a community contains.
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| Species Diversity | The number of species in the community in relation to the abundance of each species.
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| Succession | The gradual, sequential regrowth of species in an area.
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| Primary Succession | The development of a community in an area that has not supported life previously.
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| Secondary Succession | The sequential replacement of species that follows disruption of an existing community.
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| Chemosynthesis | A bacteria's ability to produce carbohydrates by using energy from inorganic molecules.
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| Gross Primary Productivity | The rate at which produces in an ecosystem capture energy.
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| Biomass | The organic material in an ecosystem.
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| Net Primary Productivity | The rate at which biomass accumulates.
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| Consumers | Organisms that obtain energy by consuming organic molecules made by other organisms.
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| Carnivore | An organism that eats consumers.
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| Omnivore | An organism that eats both consumers and producers.
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| Detritivore | A consumer that feeds on the wastes of an ecosystem.
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| Decomposer | An organism that causes decay by breaking down the complex molecules in dead tissues and wastes into simpler molecules.
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| Trophic Level | An organism's position in the sequence of energy transfers.
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| Food Chain | A single pathway of feeding relationships among organisms in an ecosystem that results in energy transfer.
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| Food Web | The interrelated food chains in an ecosystem.
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| Nitrogen Cycle | The complex pathway that nitrogen follows within an ecosystem.
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| Nitrogen Fixation | The process of converting nitrogen gas to nitrate,
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| Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria | Organisms that convert nitrogen gas into ammonia, nitrite, and then nitrate.
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| Ammonofication | The process in which a decomposer breaks down the corpses and wastes of organisms and releases the nitrogen they contain as ammonia.
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| Nitrification | A process in which bacteria take up ammonia and oxidize it into nitrites and nitrates.
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| Dentrification | A process in which anaerobic bacteria breaks down nitrates and releases nitrogen gas back into the atmosphere.
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| Tundra | A cold and largely treeless biome that forms a continuous belt across North America, Europe, and Asia.
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| Biome | A very large terrestrial ecosystem that contains a number of smaller by related ecosystems within them.
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| Photic Zone | The part of the ocean that receives sunlight.
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| Aphotic Zone | The dark depths of the ocean where sunlight cannot penetrate.
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| Intertidal Zone | The area in which tides along ocean shores produce a rhythmic rise and fall of the water level.
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| Neretic Zone | The part of an ocean that is very shallow.
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| Oceanic Zone | The deep water of the open sea.
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| Pelagic Zone | The open ocean.
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| Benthic Zone | The ocean bottom.
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| Plankton | Communities of small organisms that drift with ocean currents.
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| Estuary | A occurrence where freshwater rivers and streams flow into the sea.
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| Eutrophic Lakes | Lakes that are rich in organic matter and vegetation.
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| Oligotrophic Lakes | Lakes that contain little organic matter.
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| Biosphere | The broadest, most inclusive level of organization.
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| Ecosystem | All of the organisms and the nonliving environment found in a particular place.
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| Community | All of the interacting organisms living in an area.
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| Population | All of the members of a species that live in one place at one time.
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| Competition | The use of the same limited resource by two or more species.
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| Pioneer Species | Small, fast-growing, and fast-reproducing species that predominate early in succession.
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| Ground Water | Water in the soil or in underground formations or porous rock.
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| Water Cycle | The movement of water between various reservoirs.
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| Transpiration | A process in which plants take in water through their roots and take in carbon dioxide through their stomata.
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| Carbon Cycle | A process in which carbon is cycled through the biosphere.
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| Taiga | A forested biome dominated by evergreen trees.
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| Temperate Deciduous Forest | A biome characterized by trees that lose all of their leaves in the fall.
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| Temperate Grasslands | A biome that is dominated by grasses.
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| Desert | A biome that receives an average of less than 25 centimeters of rainfall per year.
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| Savanna | A tropical or subtropical biome with scattered trees and shrubs.
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| Tropical Rain Forest | A biome located near the equator characterized by tall trees, heavy rainfall, and lots of sunlight.
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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