Drugs
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| acyclovir | Antiviral
- inhibits DNA synthesis in herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV)
- used prophylactically
- rapidly absorbed by infected cells
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| amantadine | -blocks viral penetration/uncoating (by targeting M2 protein)
- blocks INFLUENZA A
- reduces severity of symptoms
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| zidovudine | - an antiviral drug (trade name Retrovir) used in the treatment of AIDS
- blocks DNA synthesis
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| interferon | Antiviral
- soluble glycoproteins produced by cells infected with viruses, chlamydiae, rickettsiae, and protozoa (e.g., malaria)
- inhibit virus production within the cells and mark infected cells to be destroyed by T cells
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| penicillin | Beta-Lactam ***
- Kills by INHIBITION of cell wall synthesis
- "house and garage"
- bactericidal
- used prophalactically
- 1950's first semisynthetic - methicillin
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| cephalosporin | Beta-Lactam
- Kills by inhibition of cell wall synthesis
- "house, garage, basement"
- secondary drug
- broad spectrum
- allergies can carry over from penicillin allergy
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| aminoglycoside | - produced from streptomyces and micrimonospora
- Kills by interfering with mRNA translation (protein synthesis)
- broad spectrum
- bacteriostatic
- synergistic to treat TB, plague, bone infections, peritonitis, pelvic abscesses, nosocomial infections
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| tetracycline | - produced from streptomyces
- Kills by interfering with mRNA translation (protein synthesis)
- bacteriostatic
- WIDEST spectrum of any drug
- treats typhus, chlamydial, mycoplasmal, and spirochete infections (lyme disease)
- mild to severe side effe
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| chloramphenicol | - produced from streptomyces venezuelae
- Kills by interfering with mRNA translation (protein synthesis)
- bacteriostatic
- broad spectrum
- treats typhoid, penicillin resistant strains of meningococci and haemophilus influenza, brain abscesses, ricke
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| erythromycin | ***
- Kills by interfering with mRNA translation (protein synthesis)
- bacteriostatic
- treats streptococci, pneumococci, mycoplasma, chlamydia
- LEAST TOXIC
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| vancomycin | - produced by streptomyces
- Kills by interfering with mRNA translation (protein synthesis)
- treats MRSA and enterococci
- severe side effects (kidney damage, deafness)
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| rifampin | - Kills by blocking RNA transcription
- bactericidal
- Broad spectrum
- treats TB, nisseria meningococci
- may cause liver damage
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| polymyxin | ***
- produced from bacillus
- Kills by disrupting the cell wall synthesis
- topical for gram negative
- serious side effects when used internally (numbness, kidney damage, respiratory arrest)
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| sulfonamide | ***
- acts as a COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR of enzymes
- bacteriostatic
- treat UTI's
- effective against GRAM NEGATIVES
- often cause allergic reactions
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| isoniazid | - an organic compound that is the first-line medication in prevention and treatment of tuberculosis
- Kills by interfering with maetabolite synthesis (mycolic acid)
- synergistic with rifampin
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| amphotericin B | ***
- produced from streptomyces nodosus
- Kills by disrupting the cell membrane and causes LEAKAGE
- used to treat SYSTEMIC fungal infections
- SEVERE side effects (kidney damage, blindness)
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| griseofulvin | - Kills by interfering with microtubule function, inhibiting MITOSIS
- used orally to treat hair, nail or skin fungal infections
- mild side effects
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| imidazole (triazoles) | - Kills by affecting fungal plasma membranes by disrupting membrane STEROLS
- OTC topical medication
- treats candida yeast infections and fungal skin infections
- antagonistic with antihistamines and immunosuppressive drugs
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| quinine | - used to treat drug resistant malaria
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| chloroquine (primaquine) | - interferes with protein synthesis inside RBC's
- used prophylactally to protect against MALARIA
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| metronidazole (flagyl) | - Kills by interfering with enzyme activity
- treats Trichomonas and Giardia lamblia infections
- causes birth defects
- side effect - black hairy tongue
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| methendazole | - kills by blocking uptake of glucose to parasitic roundworms
- antihelminth
- treats whipworm, pinworms, and hookworm
- primary treatment
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| niclosamide | - kills by interfering with carbohydrate metabolism
- secondary treatment to methendazole
- parasite releases large amounts of lactic acid
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| ciprofloxacin | QUINOLONE ***
- kills by interfering with DNA replication
- broad spectrum (gram pos and gram neg)
- treats UTI, abdominal infections, respiratory and gastrointestinal
- used when the exact culprit is unkown
- mild to moderate side effects
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