Common Laboratory Tests
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| Acid Phosphatase | Early diagnosis of CA of the prostate
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| Albumin | Nutritional status
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| Alkaline Phosphatase | Metabolic bone disorders, liver function
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| Ammonia | Evaluation of hepatic function
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| Amylase | Diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
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| Bilirubin | a bile pigment formed by the breakdown of erythrocytes, liver function
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| Biochemical Profiles | chemistry screens. The profiles may include Na, K, Cl, LDH, CO, SGOI, SGPT, Bilirubin, Total Protein, BUN, Lactic Acid, Cholesterol, Glucose, Ca, Albumin, Creatinine, Uric Acid, etc.
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| Bleeding time | skin puncture method done be the phlebotomist. Normal 1-4 min.
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| Blood Culture | Diagnosis of specific infectious diseases
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| Blood Gases | Respiratory function, acid-base balance
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| Blood Grouping and Rh Typing | separates blood into 4 groups
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| Bone Marrow | The soft tissue in the center of bone is aspirated and biopsied to diagnosis malignancies
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| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | Kidney Function
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| Calcium | the most abundant mineral in the body and plays a key role in blood coagulation. Levels are esential to maintain normal heartbeat and normal funtioning of nerves and muscles.
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| CO2 | Formed in the tissues and eliminated by the lungs. Evaluates acid-base balance
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| Cardiac Profile | Evaluation of the Cardiac enzymes (CPK, LDH, etc.)
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| CBC | Evaluation of peripheral blood parameters performed in Hematology. Includes RBC, WBC, Hgb, Hct and Indices.
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| CEA (Carcinoembryonic Antigen) | Follow-up of cancer patients
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| Chloride | plays an important role in the maintanance of homeostasis. Decreased in Pulmonary disease. electrolytes loss or renal disease
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| Cholesterol | A fat substance
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| Clotting Time | A skin puncture test performed by the Phlebotomist with a capillary tube, Filter Paper, and stopwatch. Normal:3-6 Min,
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| CPK (Creantine Phosphokinase) | Cardiac or liver function
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| Creatinine | Kidney Function
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| Crossmatch | A blood bank test for the transfusion of blood products
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| Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | One of the herpes viruses that causes Cytomegalic inclusion disease. (CID )
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| Differential Blood Count | Microscopic examination of white cells, platelets estimation and RBC morphology. Done on slides
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| Electolytes | Evaluation of renal function and acit-base balance. Includes Na, K, Cl, CO2
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| Eosinophil Count | Investigation of allergic disorders, pin worms
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| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | The settling of cells in a volume of drawn blood. Inflammatory disease process
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| Factor Assays | Coagulation Factors II,V,VII,IX,X,XI,XII,XIII. Detects specific coagulation factor deficiencies.
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| Factor Split Products | Also Fibrin Degradation Products. This test measures the breakdown products of fibrin and fibrinogen
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| Fibrinogen | is a plasma protein formed in the liver. Converted into fibrin during the clotting process.
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| Gentamycin | An Antibiotic. Levels are usually drawn before and after the dose is given
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| Glucose | A sugar also known as dextrose. Screening for Hypo and Hyperglycemia, carbohydrate metabolism disorders
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| Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) | A metabolic test for carbohydrate tolerance, drawn hourly intervals. Blood sugar should return to normal in 2-21 hours after ingesting 100g of glucose
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| Hemoglobin | the iron-containing pigment of the red blood cell. Its function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the tissues, included in the CBC
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| Hepatitis Screens | Individuals tests for Hepatitis A or Hepatitis B, surface antigen ot anitbody; indicates remote or current infection
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| Herpese Simplex 1&2 | Detects the non-genital and genital viral infections
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| Iron and Iron Binding Capacity | Increases with liver disease; decreases with kidney disease, blood loss, cancer, malabsorption
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| Lactose Tolerance Test | Determine if the patient is deficient of the enzyme lactase. Drawn at hourly intervals after the patient has ingested 100g of lactose dissolved in water
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| LDH (Lactate Dehydrogenase) | Increased with MI, liver disease and metastatic CA
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| LE Cells | a connective tissue dissorder
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| Lipoprotein | A type of fat in the blood
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| Lithium | a mood stabilizing drug
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| Liver Profile | Includes GGT, SGPT, Bilirubin, Alkaline Phosphatase
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| Magnesium | Evaluation of metabolic disorders. Decreases with renal disease, alcoholism, pancreatitis, malabsorption, etc.
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| Monospot | A viral disease in which monocytes are increased and lymph nodes enlarged
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| Phosphorus | Evaluation of phosphorus metabolism
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| PT | A protein produced in the liver and is dependent on the presence of Vitamin K. During teh clotting process, prothrombin is converted to throbin. Evalualtion of extrinsic coagulation system
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| PTT | Evaluation of the intrinsic coagulation system
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| Reticulocyte Count | Young red blood cells newly delivered into the circulation from the bone marrow
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| Rubella | German Measles
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| Syphilils Test | May be called VDRL;RPR,STS. Many states require a test on all admissions and or employees
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| SGOT | Increases with liver disease, heart disease, skeletal muscle damage, MI
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| SGPT | Increases with liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, jaundice
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| Sickle Cell | A hereditary hemolytic anemia chacterized by sickle-shaped RBC
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| Sodium | Regulates water balance and acid base balance, increases with hypertension, kidney disease,dehydration, diabetes
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| Thyroid Studies | Includes T3,T4,T7,TSH,FTI. Determines Thyroid function such as hypo or hyoerthyroidism
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| Triglycerides | a type of fat in the blood
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| Toxoplasmosis | an infection similar to mononucleosis
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| Uric Acid | Increases with gout, uremia, acidosis
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| Xylose Tolerance Test | Also known as D-Xylose Absorption test. Blood and urine are collected after teh atient has ingested 25g of Xylose, diagnosis of malabsorption syndromes.
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