BYU PdBio 305 Dr. Rhees Endocrinology
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| show | anterior pituitary, posterior pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid pancreas, adrenal cortex, adrenal medulla, ovaries, testes
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| show | integral membrane protein that receives hormones
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| show | 2000-100,000
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| show | when a hormone is present in excess the number of target cell receptors may decrease
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| steroids | show 🗑
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| show | synthesized by modifying amino acids; T3 and T4, epinephrine, histamine, serotonin
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| show | these hormones consist of chains of 3 to 200 amino acids. Oxytocin, ADH, Insulin, parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, CCK and gastrin
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| show | carrier proteins
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| master gland | show 🗑
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| seven hormones of anterior pituitary | show 🗑
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| show | antidiuretic hormone ADH, oxytocin
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| show | posterior
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| the hypothalamus transports hormones down the axons of the neurosecretory cells for which pituitary | show 🗑
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| show | anterior
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| show | hypothalamic substances which regulate the anterior pituitary; CRH stimulates ACTH; TRH stimulates TSH and a little prolactin; GnRH or LHRH stimulates FSH and LH; GIH or somatostatin inhibits GH
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| Growth Hormone | show 🗑
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| pituitary adenoma causes | show 🗑
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| gigantism & acromegaly | show 🗑
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| show | overgrowth of bone, particularly of the skull and mandible; nose thickened and puffy, large ears, large tongue, large hands, increased sweating, fatigue, and weight gain
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| Pituitary Dwarfism | show 🗑
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| show | inadequate rise in serum GH after provocative stimulus such as Arginine infusion, oral levodopa, or clonidine
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| show | stimulates the production of milk; promotes breast development in pregnancy
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| show | promotes and maintains growth and development of the thyroid gland and stimulates it to secrete thyroxine (T4) and triidothyronine (T3)
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| show | stimulates growth and develpment of the follicle to maturity, stims the follicle to secrete estrogens, stimulates testicular growth, enhances production of androgen-binding protein in the Sertoli cells (this increases the conentratino of testosterone near
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| Luteinizing hormone LH | show 🗑
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| show | Promotes and maintains normal growth and development of the adrenal cortex and stims the secretion of the glucocorticoids (cortisol); also affects the secretion of the androgens and the mineralcorticoids (aldosterone). ACTH is a polypeptide that is 39 a
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| osteoblast activity | show 🗑
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| show | stimulates by GH; makes space for bone formation
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| show | GH exerts growth-promoting effects indirectly by stimulating somatomedins; somatomedin IGF is an insulin-like growth factor
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| show | cell division, enhanced protein sythesis, or bone growth
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| where is IGF-I made | show 🗑
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| show | nutritional status, age, and tissue specific factors
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| show | sex hormones among other things
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| show | oxytocin and ADH (vasopressin)
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| where are posterior pituitary hormones synthesized | show 🗑
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| oxytocin functions | show 🗑
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| milk secretion physiology | show 🗑
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| uterine contraction physiology | show 🗑
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| show | lack of ADH (often due to damage to the pituitary or the hypothalamus. loss of 75% of ADH secretory neurons is necessary before polyuria is evident)
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| show | decrease release of
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| Narcotics effect on ADH | show 🗑
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| show | polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, fever, dry tongue, delirium
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| where are catecholamine hormones secreted | show 🗑
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| what does the adrenal cortex secrete in general | show 🗑
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| chromaffin cells do what | show 🗑
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| corticosteroid hormones of the adrenal cortex | show 🗑
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| three zones of adrenal cortex | show 🗑
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| other name for mineralcorticoids | show 🗑
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| other name for glucocorticoids | show 🗑
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| show | sex hormones
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| action of mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) | show 🗑
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| regulation of mineralcorticoids (aldosterone) | show 🗑
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| action of glucocorticoids (cortisol) | show 🗑
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| show | ACTH from the adenohypophysis of the pituitary gland in response to stress
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| show | supplement the sex hormones from the gonads
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| show | inadequte secretion of glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids which results in hypoglycemia, na+ and K+ impalance, dehydration, hypotension, weight loss, and general weakness
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| cushing syndrome | show 🗑
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| adrenogenital syndrome | show 🗑
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| show | thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin
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| physical structure of thyroid | show 🗑
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| show | spherical sacs called thyroid follicles. Humans have about one million follicles. Each follicle is lined with principal cells which synthesize T3 and T4 and contain a protein-rich fluid called colloid. Between the follicles are perifollicular cells whi
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| show | regulate metabolism; increase rate of protein synthesis; increase rate of energy release from carbs; regulate growth; stimulate maturity of nervous system; regulate body temp
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| regulation of T3 and T4 | show 🗑
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| Action of Calcitonin (thyrocalcitonin) | show 🗑
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| regulation of calcitonin | show 🗑
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| show | insufficient secretion of T4 and T3 in infants and children. Stunted growth, thickened facial features, large protruding tongue, abnormal bone growth, mental retardation, decreased metabolic rate, general lethargy. Treat with T3 and T4
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| show | insufficient secretion of T4 and T3 in adults. Weight gain, slow pulse, dry brittle hair, decreased basal metabolic rate, lack of energy, sensation of coldness, diminished perspiration, weakness. treat with T3 and T4
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| show | a pathological enlargment of the thyroid gland due to insufficient iodine intake. Take iodine.
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| graves' disease (thyroxicosis) | show 🗑
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| what percent of calcium is in crystalline form | show 🗑
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| show | of 1%, .9% is inside the cells and .01% is in the extracellular fluid
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| show | produce calcitonin in the thyroid gland; lower the blood calcium and phosphates by: 1. decreasing bone resorption by inhibiting the activity of osteoclasts 2. stimulating urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate by inhibiting their reabsorption in the k
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| parathyroid glands | show 🗑
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| show | death in a few days from hypocalcemia
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| functions of PTH (parthormone) | show 🗑
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| 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 function | show 🗑
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| hyperparathyroidism | show 🗑
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| hypoparathyroidism | show 🗑
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| show | islets of langerhans (clusters of cells); alpha cells secrete glucogon, beta cells secrete insulin
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| Glucogon | show 🗑
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| Insulin | show 🗑
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| diabetes mellitus | show 🗑
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| genetic factors in diabetes mellitus | show 🗑
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| other possible causes (not hereditary) of diabetes mellitus | show 🗑
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| two types of diabetes mellitus | show 🗑
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| show | requires insulin injections (there is no insulin being secreted), often severe and complicated by ketoacidosis, onset usualy in youth but may occur at any age
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| type II noninsulin-dependent (maturity onset) diabetes mellitus | show 🗑
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| how to diagnose diabetes mellitus | show 🗑
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| symptoms of diabetes mellitus | show 🗑
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| increased risk of infection due to diabetes mellitus | show 🗑
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| insulin excess results in | show 🗑
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| show | refers to diabetes that occurs during pregnancy (in 1 to 14% of pregnancies) and then disappears following delivery
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| GLUT4 | show 🗑
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