Chapter 14 Components of the System Unit
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| In the machine cycle steps, ____ is the process of carrying out commands. | executing
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| In the machine cycle steps, ____ is the process of obtaining a program instruction or data item from memory. | fetching
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| In the machine cycle steps, the term ____ refers to the process of translating instructions into signals the computer can execute. | decoding
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| A FireWire ____ is a device that plugs in a FireWire port on the system unit and contains multiple FireWire ports in which users plug cables from FireWire devices. | hub
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| A(n) ____ card is a circuit board that enhances functions of a component of the system unit and/or provides connections to peripherals. | adapter
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| Today’s computers support ____, which means the computer automatically can configure adapter cards and other peripherals as users install them. | plug and play
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| Memory ____ on the motherboard hold the memory modules. | slots
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| A(n) ____ module, which is a small circuit board where RAM chips usually reside is inserted into the motherboard. | memory
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| With a type of memory module called a(n) ____ the pins on opposite sides of the circuit board do not connect and thus form two sets of contacts. | dimm
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| A USB ____ is a device that plugs in a USB port on the system unit and contains multiple USB ports in which users plug cables from USB devices. | hub
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| A(n) ____ drive that fits into a port that is itself an interface that can connect up to 127 different peripherals together with a single connector | USB
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| A(n) ____ flash drive is a flash memory device that plugs in a port on a computer or portable device. | usb
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| A ______ port is a special high-speed parallel port that allows users to attach peripherals such as disk drives and printers | SCSI
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| A ____ has pins on opposite sides of the circuit board that connect together to form one set of contacts. | SIMM (single inline memory module)
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| A ____ houses RDRAM chips. |
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| A ____ port was formerly referred to as an IEEE 1394 port. | firewire
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| A computer ____ is a small piece of semi-conducting material, usually silicon, on which integrated circuits are etched. | chip
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| A processor contains small high-speed storage locations, called ____, that temporarily hold data and instructions. | registers
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| A special type of serial port that connects the system unit to a musical instrument, such as an electronic keyboard, is called a(n) ____ port. | MIDI
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| A type of processor called ____-on-a-chip integrates the functions of a processor, memory, and a video card on a single chip. | system
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| A(n) ____ card converts computer output into a video signal that travels through a cable to the monitor, which displays an image on the screen | video
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| A(n) ____ card is a removable device that allows users to transfer data and information conveniently from mobile devices to their desktop computers. | memory
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| A(n) ____ changer is a device that enables users to join two connectors that are both female or both male | gender
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| A(n) ____ circuit, which is etched on a computer chip, contains many microscopic pathways capable of carrying electrical current. | integrated
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| A(n) ____ is a small ceramic or metal component with fins on its surface that absorbs and disperses heat produced by electrical components such as a processor. | heat sink
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| A(n) ____ is an opening inside the system unit in which additional equipment can be installed. | bay
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| A(n) ____ module is a removable flash memory device about one-half the size of a PC Card that adds memory, communications, and multimedia capabilities to computers. | express card
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| A(n) ____ processor is a chip with two or more separate processor cores. | multi-core
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| A(n) ____, such as a keyboard or printer, is a device that connects to the system unit and is controlled by the processor in the computer. | peripheral
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| A(n) ____, which can be a peripheral or a chip, creates sound from digital instructions. | synthesizer
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| A(n) ____, which is contained on an integrated circuit, can act as an electronic switch that opens or closes the circuit for electrical charges. | transistor
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| AMD is the leading manufacturer of ____-compatible processors, which have an internal design similar to Intel processors, perform the same functions, can be as powerful, but often are less expensive. | intel
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| _____________ is an alternative to IrDA that uses radio waves to transmit data between two devices | blue tooth
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| Current processors include advanced transfer cache, a type of ____ built directly on a processor chip. | L2 cache
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| ______ chips are even faster than SDRAM chips because they transfer data twice for each clock cycle | Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM)
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| Each tick of the system clock equates to a ____. | clock cycle
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| ExpressCard modules are the next generation of ____ Cards. | pc
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| For a wireless device to transmit signals to a computer via infrared light waves, both the computer and the device must have a(n) ____ port. | IrDa
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| Generally, home users using basic application software such as word processing should have ____ of RAM. | 2gb or less
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| Hi-Speed USB is also known as ____. | usb 2.0
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| Many computers have a(n) ____ slot, which is a special type of expansion slot. | express card
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| On ____, the electronic components and most storage devices are part of the system unit and other devices, such as the keyboard, mouse, and monitor, normally occupy space outside the system unit. | desktop personal computers
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| ________________ of your computer requires a few basic products, including lint-free antistatic wipes and swabs, and antistatic wristband and screen cleaning solution | Preventive maintenance
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| Programmers use ____ instructions to program a PROM chip. | microcode
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| ROM chips called ____ contain permanently written data, instructions, or information that is recorded when the chip is manufactured. | firmware
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| Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) chips are another type of DRAM chips that are much faster than SDRAM chips because they ____. | use pipelining techniques
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| Some computer and chip manufacturers use the term ____ to refer to a personal computer processor chip. | microprocessor
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| Some external peripherals such as an external modem, speakers, or a tape drive have an AC ____, which is an external power supply. | adapter
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| Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) chips are synchronized to the ____________ | system clock
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| The _______________ is bus designed to improve the speed with which 3-D graphics and video transmit | Accelerated Graphics Port
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| A _______________ is a high-speed expansion bus that connects higher speed devices | pci bus
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| The USB (universal serial bus) and FireWire bus are _____ that eliminate the need to install cards in expansion slots | buses
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| The ____ board is the main circuit board of the system unit. | system
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| The ____ bus for a PC Card is the PC Card bus. | expansion
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| The ____ interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate a computer. | cpu
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| The ____ is the component of the processor that performs arithmetic, comparison, and other operations. | ALU
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| The ____ unit is a case that contains electronic components of the computer used to process data. | system
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| The ____ unit is the component of the processor that directs and coordinates most of the operations in the computer. | control
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| The case of the system unit, sometimes called the ____, is made of metal or plastic and protects the internal electronic components from damage. | chassis
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| The faster the clock speed, the more ____ the processor can execute per second. | instruction
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| The first step in __________ a computer is turn computer off, unplug it, and unplug all cables from the ports | cleaning
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| The pace of the system clock, called the ____ speed, is measured by the number of ticks per second. | clock
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| The power ____ is the component of the system unit that converts the wall outlet AC power into the DC power a computer requires | supply
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| The processor relies on a small quartz crystal circuit called the ____ clock to control the timing of all computer operations | system
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| The role of memory to store both data and programs is known as the ____ concept. | stored program
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| The size of a bus, called the bus ____, determines the number of bits that the computer can transmit at one time. | width
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| The ______ the bus, the fewer the number of transfer steps required and the faster, the transfer of data | wider
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| Together, the four basic operations or a processor (fetching, decoding, executing, and storing) comprise a(n) ____ cycle. | machine
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| With ____, the processor begins fetching a second instruction before it completes the machine cycle for the first instruction | pipelining
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| Within the circuitry of a computer, each channel along which bits transfer, called a(n) ____, allows the various devices both inside and attached to the system unit to communicate with each other. | bus
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| ____ are installed in internal bays. | hard disk drive
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| ____ consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed by the processor, data needed by those instructions, and the results of processed data (information). | memory
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| ____ is a cache separate from the processor chip on the motherboard. | L3 cache
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| ____ is a type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and reprogrammed, similar to EEPROM. | flash memory
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| ____ is built directly into a processor chip and usually has a very small capacity. | L1 cache
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| ____ is the most common type of volatile memory. | RAM
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| ____ size is the number of bits the processor can interpret and execute at a given time. | word
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| ____ technology uses a continuous flow of fluid(s), such as water and glycol, in a process that transfers the heated fluid away from the processor. | liquid cooling
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