Late Romatic
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| elision | is used in order to fit the words to the metre of a verse line
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| Leitotif | defined theme or musical idea, representing or symbolizing a person, object, idea etc,
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| Gesamtkunstwerk | an operatic performance that encompasses music, theatre and the visual arts.
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| cyclic treatment | Characterized by, or moving in cycles, or happening at regular intervals
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| cross rhythm | The regular shift of beats in a metric pattern to other than their normal positions; if every beat is shifted by the same amount it is called ‘syncopation’.
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| rubato | ‘Stolen’: of tempo, extended beyond the time mathematically available; thus slowed down, stretched or broadened.
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| strophic | Having the same melody used for each strophe.
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| through-composed | Term, from the German durchkomponiert, for settings of songs in which the music for each stanza is different.
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| verismo | It is associated with operas that deal with the unpleasant realities of life, introducing characters from the lower social strata, poverty, passion and brutality. Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana (1890) was an early and influential example; others include
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| absolute music | music that is not explicitly "about" anything, non-representational or non-objective. In contrast with program music, absolute music has no words and no references to stories or images or any other kind of extramusical idea.
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| program music | is a form of art music intended to evoke extra-musical ideas, images in the mind of the listener by musically representing a scene, image or mood
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| nationalism | musical ideas or motifs that are identified with a specific country, region, or ethnicity, such as folk tunes and melodies, rhythms, and harmonies inspired by them
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| spirtual | an African American song, usually with a Christian religious text
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| Symphony | is a musical composition, often extended and usually for orchestra. "Symphony" does not imply a specific form.
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| Tone poem/ symphonic poem | is a piece of orchestral music in one movement in which some extramusical program provides a narrative or illustrative elementA symphonic poem may stand on its own, or it can be part of a series combined into a suite
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| Opera Seria | Italian musical term which refers to the noble and "serious" style of Italian opera
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| Music drama | This was a musical dramatic work for the theatre, where the music does not stop and is a part of the emotional telling of sung drama, and the Tristan und Isolde: Act 1, Sc.5 by Wagner. is a good example of this. German Opera
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| Sonata | Has a exposition, often in contrasting styles and in opposing keys, bridged by a transition. a closing theme, a codetta,then goes to he development where the harmonic and textural possibilities of the thematic material are explored, and which then transit
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| concerto | a piece for one or more soloists and orchestra with three contrasting movements
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| string quartet | a quartet of performers on stringed instruments usually including a first and second violin, a viola, and a cello
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| piano quartet | Piano along with a violin, viola and cello.
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| trio | three musicians playing the same or different musical instrument
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| quadrille | is a historic dance performed by four couples in a square formation, a precursor to traditional square dancing. It is also a style of music
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| Lieder | European romantic music songs,For the German
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| art song | a piece of music performed by voice, with or without instrumental accompaniment," or "a poem set to music."French
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| Development of sonata in the Romantic era | They weren't following it anymore; now means multi-movement with the first and last movements being fast
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| Classicism vs. Romanticism | Classic is more focused on melody; with romantic not focused on melody; balance in form vs. adventure in form. Think of the classic car and how it has no frills, whereas the romantic would give you the hot rod
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| Development of Art song | • Schubert, both Robert and Clara Schumann and Wolf and Brahms
• In other countries: Amy Beach, Faure, Chaminade, Boulangers, and Mussorgsky
Opera in France was called Grand Opera; Carmen was lyric opera.
Piano in 20th century became very virtuosi
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| Styles of Opera in Italy and Germany | Opera Seria vs. Music Drama
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| Piano Music Development | (blank)
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| Cultural/historial background of 19th Century | Industrial Revolution and nationalism; emergence of democratic countries
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| Nationnalism vs. Comomoplianism | Cosmopolitans wrote for everybody with no program at all for everyone's enjoyment; hailed from the Classic era
Talk about duality as an important part of Romanticism.
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| Music in America | (blank)
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| Quartet | is a method of instrumentation (or a medium), used to perform a musical composition, and consisting of four part
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| Virtuosity vs. Intimacy | • Liszt vs. string quartet
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| absolute music vs. program music | absolute music has no words and no references to stories or images program music is a form of art music intended to evoke extra-musical ideas, images in the mind of the listener
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