hemo final
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| HCT | 42-52M/37-47W
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| Hgb | 13-18g/dL M/ 11-16 g/dL W
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| MCV | pts hct(L/L)/erythrocyte ct(X10^12/L)= FL
80-96fl
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| MCHC | hgb(gm/dL)/HCT(L/L) = g/dL
32-36%
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| ESR | Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
0-15mm/hr
0-20mm/hr
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| retic count | to determine production rate of erythrocytes
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| corrected retic | male 45L/L
female 42 L/L
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| fibrinogen | 200-400 mg/dL
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| PT | 12-15.5 sec
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| Thrombin | 15-20 sec
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| aptt | 32-48 sec
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| platelets | 150-400 X 10^9/L
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| MPV | 7.4-10.4fL
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| Bleeding time | vascularity and platelet function in response to injury
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| Clot retraction | see if clot retracts fully within a 24hr period
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| PT | extrinsic & common pathways
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| PT | measures coagulation factors (I,II,VII,X & V)
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| aptt | identify deficiencies in the intrinsic & commom pathways (I,V, IX, X, VIII, XI)
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| Erythropoiesis | production of RBC
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| mature erythrocytes | biconcave, 1/3 central pallor, 120 day life span
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| heme | pigment portion, synthesized as RBC matures, responsible foe transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| vital substances to erythrocyte & hemoglobin production | amino acids, iron, vitamin B12, folic acid, erythropoeitin
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| erythropoietin | produced by kidney, secreted by liver, stimulated by low tissue O2 levels
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| reference range RBC | 4.6-6.2X10^12/L -M
4.2-5.4X10^12/L -F
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| MCH | hgb (X10g/dL)/erythrocyte ct(X10^12/L)=pg
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| anisocytosis | abnormal rbc variation in size/any severe anemia
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| spherocyte | compact rbc, round, lost its central palor/hereditary spherocytosis, Coombs-positive hemolytic anemia
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| stomatocyte | central slit-like opening resembling a mouth/ congenital hemolytic anemia, thalassemia, burns, lupus
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| ovalocyte | oval or egg-like appearance/pernicious anemia
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| poikilocytosis | abnotmal variation in shape/any severe anemia
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| elliptocyte/pencil cell | narrow, elongated, resembling a rod or cigar/various anemia, HbC disease, Thalessemia, Hemolytic anemia
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| codocyte/target cell | rbc with a dark center and periphery and clear ring in between "bull's eye"/ Thalessemia, liver disease, hemoglobinopathies
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| basophillic stippling | multiple uniform dark dots distributed evenly throughout the cell/altered RNA
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| Heinz bodies | small, round inclusions. denatured, precipitated hemoglobin
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| Howell-Jolly Body | DNA: nuclear or chromosomal reminants
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| Pappenheimer Body | clusters of small blue coccoid bodies in periphery of cell, non-heme iron
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| neutrophil | immune defenses, engulf bacteria & cellular debris 40-77%
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| eosinophil | defense against parasites, allergic response
1-4%
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| basophil | inflammatory response, release histamine
0.5-1%
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| monocyte | immune surveillance, engulf cellular debris
2-6%
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| B-lymphocyte | antibody production
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| T-lymphocyte | cellular immune response
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| leukocyte differential | determine the % of each type of leukocyte present & to assess RBC & platelet morph. Can detect disorders or leukemias
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| increase in band cells | shift to left/infection
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| Myeloperoxidase (MPO) | differs Acute Monocytic (+)& Myelogenous from ALL
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| Sudan Black B (SBB) | differs AML(+)from ALL\
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| Periodic Acid Schiff | myeloblastic & monoblastic from lymphoblastic (+)
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| TdT | ALL (+) from AML
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| responsible for regulating all of the clotting | Thrombin
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| Stuart factor | X/both pathways
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| Hageman factor | XII/Intrinsic
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| IX | Christmas factor/intrinsic
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| prekallikrein | fletcher factor/intrinsic
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| human cell membrane is composed of | proteins, carbohydrates, lipids
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| Phagocytosis & Pinocytosis are examples | Endocytosis
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| deletion | an alteration in the nuclear DNA resulting from the loss of a section of chromatin
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| Hematopoiesis stops in the liver when | 1-2 wks after birth
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| blood cells that normally display vaculozation of the cytoplasm | monocytes
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| stimulate formation of megakaryoblasts to megakaryocytes | Thrombopoietin
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| stimulates WBC formation | Leukopoietin
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| Interleukins | Cytokine involved in development of T & B lymphocytes
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| Interleukin -3 | works with erythropoietin to stimulate CFU-E formation from BFU-E
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| apoptosis | cell death associated with normal physiology
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| meiosis | process of cell division which results in ova & sperm with 1/2 norm number of chromosomes are produced
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| mesoblastic phase | mesenchyme
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| hepatic phase | liver
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| medullary phase | liver & bone marrow
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| reactive lymphocyte | variant lymphocyte
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| which type of hemoglobin is not considered a variant form | Glycosylated hemoglobin
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| what substance, when combined with iron forms a heme molecule | protoporphyrin
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| cells with longstanding chronic anemias appear | hypochromic, microcytic
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| What's the most common glycolytic enzyme deficiency associated with Pentose Phosphate pathway (aerobic) | G6PD deficiency
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| what is the amino acid substitution found in sickle cell anemia | substitution of valine for glutamic acid in the 6th position of beta chain
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| March anemia is an acquired for of which anemia | Hemolytic
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| Thalassemia is best described as | abnormal rate of globin chain synthesis
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| What manifestation of Alpha thalassemia is caused by 4 inactive genes that result in fetal death | Hydrops fetalis with Hb Bart's
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| Manifestation of Alpha thalassemia is caused by 1 inactive alpha gene | silent carrier state
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| lymphocytes | 10-40%
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| cells that produce antibodies and lymphokines | lymphocytes
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| Average life span of a neutrophil in the peripheral blood | 7-10hours
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| NK cells | antibody dependant and independent cytoxicity
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| Memory cells | antigen sensitization, quick response on re-exposure
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| plasmacytes | production of immunoglobulins (antibodies)
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| neutrophil description | segmented nucleus, granulocyte, blue/pink granules
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| monophil description | mononucleus, lacy blue-gray cytoplasm, vacuoles
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| lymphocytes | mononucleus, dense chromatin, sky blue, scant cytoplasm
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| eosinophil | segmented nucleus, granulocyte, red/orange granules
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| basophil | segmented nucleus, granulocyte, azo granules
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| infectious mononucleosis (cell manifestation) | Atypical lymphocyte
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| Niemann-Pick's disease (cell manifestation) | Pick cell
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| Pelger-Huet anomaly (cell manifestation) | Hyposegmented, neutrophils (pince nez)
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| Pernicious anemia (cell manifestation) | Hypersegmented neutrophils
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| Human ehrlichiosis (cell manifestation) | Morulae
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| severe decrease in the total number of lymphocytes in peripheral blood | lymphopenia
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| Ameboid movement of neutrophils from the peripheral blood into the tissue | Diapedisis
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| Release of substances that attract phagocytic cells as the result of traumatic or microbial damage | Chemotaxis
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| Target cell destruction through extracellullar nonphagocytic mechanism | cytotoxic reaction
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| hemoglobinopathies | inherited gene that affect amino acid residual sequence or production of hemoglobin
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| PT time | 12-14 sec
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| APTT | less than 35 sec
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| bleeding time | 2-8 min
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| thrombin clotting time | less than 20 sec
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| Hemophilia A | Factor VIII deficiency
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| HIT | detection of heparin antibodies
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| Hypercoagulable state | detection of Factor V Leiden
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| Vitamin K deiciency | prolonged PT
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| coumadin/warfarin levels | PT
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| heparin | APTT
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| normal INR range | 2.0-3.0
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| what 3 components interact to produce hemostasis | vasoconstriction, temp platelet plug, blood coagulation
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