BYU PdBio 305 Rhees Respiratory System
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| show | 1)Gas exchange for cellular respiration 2)Sound production 3)assistance in abdominal compression during micturition, defecation, and parturition 4)route for water and heat loss 5)coughing and sneezing out inhaled foreign matter
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| Internal respiration | show 🗑
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| External respiration | show 🗑
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| show | cells use )2 for metabolism and give off CO2 as a waste product
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| Bronchial tree | show 🗑
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| show | alveolar sacs are formed of many microscopic pulmonary alveoli
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| show | 300 million with 6 times the surface area of the body
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| Type II alveolar cells secrete what and for what | show 🗑
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| What remove dust particles and other debris from the pulmonary alveolus? | show 🗑
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| show | elevate during inspiration
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| show | contract during expiration
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| show | a deprivation of O2 in tissues and organs
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| show | normal breathing
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| Dyspnea | show 🗑
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| Apnea | show 🗑
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| show | periods of dyspnea followed by periods of apnea (leads to death if not stopped)
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| Respiration rate | show 🗑
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| O2 consumption | show 🗑
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| Bronchoconstriction | show 🗑
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| show | increased radius, and decreased resistance to airflow. Sympathetic stimulation controlled through epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| show | a disease characterized by recurrent attacks of dyspnea. Often an allergic response to plants, animals, or food products resulting in contraction of the bronchial muscles
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| Pneumonia | show 🗑
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| Chronic bronchitis | show 🗑
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| show | collapse of the smaller airways and a breakdown of alveolar walls. Caused by excessive release of destruction enzymes such as trypsin from alveolar macrophages as a defense mechanism in response to chronic exposure to inhaled cigarette smoke or other irr
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| TV | show 🗑
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| show | Inspiratory reserve volume-max volume beyond the tidal volume that can be inspired in one deep breath- 3000ml
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| ERV | show 🗑
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| RV | show 🗑
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| MRV | show 🗑
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| show | alveolar ventilation volume-volume of air that actually ventilates the alveoli. A portion of inspired iar does not take part in gas exchange b/c it fills the air passageways (dead air). Dead air makes up about 30% of the tidal volume
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| show | 30%
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| show | total lung coapacity-sum of the four lung volumes TV+ERV+IRV+RV=TLV=5700ml
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| VC | show 🗑
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| Spirogram | show 🗑
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| show | 1)surfactant 2)thin layer of fluid-water 3)alveolar epithelium 4)interstitial space 5)capillary basement membrane 6)capillary endothelium
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| show | phospholipid protein decreases the surface tenstion of the fluids lining the alveoli and respiratory passages (Hyaline membrane disease or Respiratory distress syndrome)
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| Four factors affecting gaseous diffusion across the respiratory membrane | show 🗑
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| show | edema in the lungs (left heart failure), pneumonia (edema in membrane and fluid in the lungs)
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| show | emphysema-decrease in overall surface area
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| Changes in diffusion coefficient of each gas | show 🗑
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| show | Pressure in Alveolus (O2=104, CO2=40) in capillary (O2=40 and goes to 104, CO2=45 and goes to 40)
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| Composition of atmospheric Air | show 🗑
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| Composition of Alveolar air | show 🗑
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| Composition of expired air | show 🗑
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| Percent of O2 dissolved in blood | show 🗑
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| Percent of O2 carried by hemoglobin | show 🗑
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| What determines whether oxygen is bound or released from hemoglobin? | show 🗑
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| show | 21% of 760 mmHg=160mmHg
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| show | PO2=104mmHg, PCO2=40mmHg at sea level
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| Grams of Hb per 100 ml of blood | show 🗑
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| show | 1.34ml
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| show | 20ml
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| Arterial blood is how saturated with O2 | show 🗑
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| show | 75%
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| show | 97%
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| show | 25%
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| show | PO2 of the blood
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| show | pH, PCO2, temperature, and 2,3-DPG
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| bohr effect | show 🗑
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| show | dissolved in blood (7-8%), carried by Hg forming carbaminohemoglobin(23-25%), as bicorbonate ion (65-70%)
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| show | neural and chemical
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| basic rhythm of repiration is controlled by what | show 🗑
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| two subgroups in medullary respiratory center | show 🗑
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| show | apneustic and pneumotaxic
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| dorsal respiratory group consits mainly of what | show 🗑
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| the ventral respiratory group contains | show 🗑
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| pneumotaxic center functions | show 🗑
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| show | prevents the inpiratory neurons from being switched off, thus providing an extra boost to the inspiratory drive
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| show | triggered to prevent overinflation of the lungs. Stretch receptors in the lungs are activated by the stretching of the lungs at large tidal volumes
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| two types of receptors in chemical control of respiration | show 🗑
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| show | located in the carotid bodies of the aortic bodies and are stimulated by decreased PO2 and increased H+ concentrations
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| central chemoreceptors | show 🗑
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