Hardware I - Final
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| IRQ 0? | System Time
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| IRQ 1? | Keyboard
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| IRQ 2? | Cascade - not really used, connects to other IRQ chips
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| IRQ 3? | Com 2+4, Serial port controller
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| IRQ 4? | Com 1+3, Serial port controller
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| IRQ 5? | LPT2 - Sound
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| IRQ 6? | Floppy Controller
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| IRQ 7? | LPT1 - printers and parallel port
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| IRQ 8? | RTC - Real Time Clock
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| IRQ 9? | Cascade same as 2
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| IRQ 10-11? | Available
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| IRQ 12? | Mouse on PS/2
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| IRQ 13? | Math co-processor
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| IRQ 14? | Primary ATA
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| IRQ 15? | Secondary ATA
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| IRQ Priority? | 0-2, 8-15, 3-7
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| What stores resources of last successful boot? Where? | CMOS, ESCD (Extended System Configuration Data)
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| Differences between Warm and Cold boot? | COLD= completely off to on, entire boot process WARM= properly reset running system, no POST required
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| What is shadowing? | BIOS programs are loaded into main memory (RAM)
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| What is Flashing? | Overwriting of existing firmware or data on ROM.
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| v90 / v92 modem differences? | v90= supports up to 56Kbps, earlier v92= faster speed, shorter handshake (remembers previous settings), call-waiting
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| What is UART? | Universal Asynchronous Reciever/Transmitter, converts parallel data in your computer to serial form. 16550A.
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| Most PC modems hardware of software? | Software
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| Can you get 56k in reality on phone line? Why/Why not? | No, voltage limitations, interference, poor quality (crosstalk), long cable lengths.
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| What are the proprietary modem slots? | ACR, AMR or CNR...ACR looks like backwards PCI.
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| Modem speeds to v. standards? | v.32=14.4k, v.34=28.8k-33.6k, v.90-92=56k
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| Difference between UART and modem? | UART allows computer to talk to the modem
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| Name of the telephone jack connector? | RJ-11
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| What is POTS? | Plain Old Telephone Service
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| What is modulator/demodulate? | Modulating= converting digital data to analog, Demodulating= analog to
digital.
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| What is OCR? | Optical Character Recognition, converts scanned images of text to word documents
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| What is interpolation? | sharpen the scanned image (and advertise higher scanning resolution than it's hardware is capable of)
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| What is TWAIN? | software that designed to be a universal translator between the imaging device and the scanner applications
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| What is CCD? | Charged Coupled Devices, contains photosites that maps the scanned area and is charged with electrons based on reflected light.
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| What are the 3 types of scanners? | Flatbed, Sheet-Fed, Hand-Held
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| What interfaces do scanners user? | SCSI, USB, FireWire, Serial, Parallel
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| What is DPI? | Dots Per Inch, measure printing dot density
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| What is Bit Depth? | Colour Depths (24bit, 36bit)
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| How does scanning work? | Light shone on document, reflected off concave mirrors to make image smaller and through a filter and a lens into the CCDs which maps the scanned area.
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| What is DB-25? | Parallel port for scanners/printers
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| What is ESD? | Electro Static Discharge
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| What does ESD cause? | Complete failure and degradation
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| What are the 2 types of screws used? | m3 fine thread(optical+floppy), 6-32 coarse thread(case, expansion slots, HD)
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| What screwdriver do we use? | Philips #2
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| What is CAV? | Constant Angular Velocity, constant spin velocity, DTR varies, lower near the center
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| What is CLV? | Constant Linear Velocity, varies the rate of spin to have constant DTR
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| What is SMART? | Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology, monitors hardware problems
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| What are the 3 areas of optical disk layout? | Lead-In, Data, Lead-Out
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| How do you replace SRAM? | Replace the CPU
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| What is MIDI? | Musical Instrument Digital Interface, shitty music.
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| Main difference between PCI and PCIe | Parallel vs. Serial
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| What are the various Form Factor? (7) | At, Baby AT, ATX, Micro-ATX, Mini-ITX, NLX, BTX/Micro-BTX
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| What is the most common home motherboard? | ATX
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| What is the motherboard used for mini tower? | Micro-ATX
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| What is the motherboard used for home theater? | Mini-ITX, passively cooled
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| What is the motherboard used to server? | NLX, riser card slot
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| What motherboard has I/O ports on the wrong side? | BTX
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| What are the different names used instead of motherboard? | Planar, main board, system board
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| Physical Size of hard drives? | 3.5inch and 2.5inch
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| What are some of the major rotation speeds of Hard Drives? | 3.6k, 5.4k-7.2k, 10k, 15k
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| What is a sector? | Smallest unit of space on HD that can be allocated (512 bytes, advanced can be 4KB)
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| What is a cluster? | Group of sectors (2-64), smallest amount of space that can be used for any read/write
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| What is a track? | Concentric circles on the platter
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| What is a cylinder? | Group of tracks of the same diameter on different platters.
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| What are the common interfaces on a HD | SATA, SCSI
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| How does the master/slave system work with SATA? | SATA doesn't use master/slave
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| Pins on SATA / PATA? | SATA = 15, PATA = 40
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| 2 types of filters found in a HD? | Barometric, Recirculating
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| What does the voice coil motor do? | Moves the read head.
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| RAID 0? | Data Striping, no fault tolerance
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| RAID 1? | Disk Mirroring, all data saved 2x
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| RAID 2? | does not exist
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| RAID 3? | Data Striping With Dedicated Parity Drive
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| RAID 4? | Data Striping With Dedicated Parity Drive, larger stripes
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| RAID 5? | Data Striping with Rotating Parity, most common
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| RAID 6? | Data Striping with Dual Rotating Parity, can recover from 2 failed drives
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| What is nested raid level? | Combination of Raid 0+1, mirrored + striped, minimum 4 drives
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| RAID LVL = Minimum Drives | Max Data Storage | 0=2|n, 1=2|n/2, 3+4+5=3|n-1, 6=4|n-2
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| PC Card Type I? | 3.3mm, usually flash, not very common
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| PC Card Type II? | 5.0mm, often NIC, most common
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| PC Card Type III? | 10.5mm, mini HD, quite rare
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| What has replaced PC Cards? | ExpressCard
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| What is a Hot Spare? | An extra HD that is running and ready to start working if one goes down.
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| How many pins in DDR for laptops? | DDR1+2= 200, DDR3= 204
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| What is Nickel Cadmium? | "Battery memory", old, bad
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| What is Nickel Metal Hydride? | not as bad memory, still older, not as bad
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| What is Lithium Ion? | Newest, best, high voltage till steep drop near end of life.
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| What is Speedstep? | When unplugged it uses less power in laptop
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| When can you upgrade the video card in a laptop? | MXM, mobile PCIe module, easy upgrade video card
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| What is the most expensive part of the laptop? | screen
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| Differences between laptop and notebook? | Notebook = worse processor, no optical disk drive, smaller, no SSD, less RAM, different OS
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| What is thermal compound? | Arctic Silver, allows transfer of heat from CPU to heatsink
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| 2.8GHz using 400 bus speed? | 2800 / 400 = 7 .... so 7 is the multiplier (X)
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| How to overclock? | Changing the bus speed is the best way.
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| How do you get thermal info outside of OS? | BIOS (CMOS)
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| What a passive cooling? | No fan
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| RED BOOK? | audio
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| YELLOW BOOK? | stamped
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| ORANGE BOOK? | burn
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| What Region code is Canada? Everyone? | Canada = 1, Everyone =0
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| What is the CD X speed? | X = 150
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| What is DVD X speed? | X = 1350 ( 9 * CD X)
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| CDRW X/Y/Z ? | X= Read Y= Write Z= Rewrite
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| What is Packet Writing? | turned the rewritable disk into a live CD (like a folder)
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| Difference between bluray and dvd? | laser, capacity, speed, layers
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| Why do Parallel ATA HD have jumpers? | to set master and slave
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| What Parallel bus still used by most motherboard? | PCI, white colour
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| What is Bus Mastering? | Transfer data between 2 devices without CPU
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| Which expansion bus used exclusively for video cards? | AGP
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| What is most common expansion slot used today? | PCIe-16
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| Can you use a PCIe card in PCI slot? | NO, serial and parallel, PCIx + PCIe yes
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| Can all AGP cards be used in all AGP slots? | no, some have different connectors?
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| Backlight? | CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps), LED (Light Emitting Diode)
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| What is a Pixel? | Smallest portion of the screen that can be colour
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| What is Native Resolution? | Ideal resolution for monitor
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| Backlight? | CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps), LED (Light Emitting Diode)
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| What is Contrast Ratio? | How close to absolute black it can get?
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| What is response time? | time to go from off to on to off
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| Passive vs Active Matrix | Passive = older and not as good, less transistors. Active Matrix= newer, more transistors, TFT= thin film transistor
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| Advantages of LCD? | Cheap, power, size, weight, no flicker, low radiation
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| Disadvantages of LCD? | Dead pixel, ghosting, no absolute black
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| What is a Dead/Defective pixel? | it's stuck to a certain colour
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| Where does a breakout box sit? | 5.25 bay
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| Difference of pins wide and narrow SCSI? | wide = male, narrow = female
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| How do you terminate a SCAM? | It terminates itself
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| What is WWN? | World Wide Name, used for SAS
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| What is ZIF? | Zero Insertion Force, pins on socket, not on the processor, has a lever
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| What is LIF? | Low Insertion Force, pins on processor
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| What is PGA? | Pin Grid Array, symmetrical linear pins
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| What is SPGA? | Staggered Pin Grid Array, every other row of pins is shifted
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| What is OTP? | Opposite Track Path, middle>>edge>>middle
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| What is PTP? | Parallel Track Path, middle>>edge middle>>edge
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| What is USB1? | Full Speed, 1.5Mbps
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| What is USB2? | High Speed, 480Mbps
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| What is USB3? | Super Speed, 5Gbps
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| What is a surge suppressor? | Combats surges/spikes
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| What is a line conditioner? | Combats brownouts
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| What is BPS? | Backup Power Supply
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| What is SPS? | Standby Power Supply, switches to battery when needed
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| What is UPS? | Uninterruptable Power Supply, power always going through battery, wears out faster.
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Created by:
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