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Hardware I - Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| IRQ 0? | System Time |
| IRQ 1? | Keyboard |
| IRQ 2? | Cascade - not really used, connects to other IRQ chips |
| IRQ 3? | Com 2+4, Serial port controller |
| IRQ 4? | Com 1+3, Serial port controller |
| IRQ 5? | LPT2 - Sound |
| IRQ 6? | Floppy Controller |
| IRQ 7? | LPT1 - printers and parallel port |
| IRQ 8? | RTC - Real Time Clock |
| IRQ 9? | Cascade same as 2 |
| IRQ 10-11? | Available |
| IRQ 12? | Mouse on PS/2 |
| IRQ 13? | Math co-processor |
| IRQ 14? | Primary ATA |
| IRQ 15? | Secondary ATA |
| IRQ Priority? | 0-2, 8-15, 3-7 |
| What stores resources of last successful boot? Where? | CMOS, ESCD (Extended System Configuration Data) |
| Differences between Warm and Cold boot? | COLD= completely off to on, entire boot process WARM= properly reset running system, no POST required |
| What is shadowing? | BIOS programs are loaded into main memory (RAM) |
| What is Flashing? | Overwriting of existing firmware or data on ROM. |
| v90 / v92 modem differences? | v90= supports up to 56Kbps, earlier v92= faster speed, shorter handshake (remembers previous settings), call-waiting |
| What is UART? | Universal Asynchronous Reciever/Transmitter, converts parallel data in your computer to serial form. 16550A. |
| Most PC modems hardware of software? | Software |
| Can you get 56k in reality on phone line? Why/Why not? | No, voltage limitations, interference, poor quality (crosstalk), long cable lengths. |
| What are the proprietary modem slots? | ACR, AMR or CNR...ACR looks like backwards PCI. |
| Modem speeds to v. standards? | v.32=14.4k, v.34=28.8k-33.6k, v.90-92=56k |
| Difference between UART and modem? | UART allows computer to talk to the modem |
| Name of the telephone jack connector? | RJ-11 |
| What is POTS? | Plain Old Telephone Service |
| What is modulator/demodulate? | Modulating= converting digital data to analog, Demodulating= analog to digital. |
| What is OCR? | Optical Character Recognition, converts scanned images of text to word documents |
| What is interpolation? | sharpen the scanned image (and advertise higher scanning resolution than it's hardware is capable of) |
| What is TWAIN? | software that designed to be a universal translator between the imaging device and the scanner applications |
| What is CCD? | Charged Coupled Devices, contains photosites that maps the scanned area and is charged with electrons based on reflected light. |
| What are the 3 types of scanners? | Flatbed, Sheet-Fed, Hand-Held |
| What interfaces do scanners user? | SCSI, USB, FireWire, Serial, Parallel |
| What is DPI? | Dots Per Inch, measure printing dot density |
| What is Bit Depth? | Colour Depths (24bit, 36bit) |
| How does scanning work? | Light shone on document, reflected off concave mirrors to make image smaller and through a filter and a lens into the CCDs which maps the scanned area. |
| What is DB-25? | Parallel port for scanners/printers |
| What is ESD? | Electro Static Discharge |
| What does ESD cause? | Complete failure and degradation |
| What are the 2 types of screws used? | m3 fine thread(optical+floppy), 6-32 coarse thread(case, expansion slots, HD) |
| What screwdriver do we use? | Philips #2 |
| What is CAV? | Constant Angular Velocity, constant spin velocity, DTR varies, lower near the center |
| What is CLV? | Constant Linear Velocity, varies the rate of spin to have constant DTR |
| What is SMART? | Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology, monitors hardware problems |
| What are the 3 areas of optical disk layout? | Lead-In, Data, Lead-Out |
| How do you replace SRAM? | Replace the CPU |
| What is MIDI? | Musical Instrument Digital Interface, shitty music. |
| Main difference between PCI and PCIe | Parallel vs. Serial |
| What are the various Form Factor? (7) | At, Baby AT, ATX, Micro-ATX, Mini-ITX, NLX, BTX/Micro-BTX |
| What is the most common home motherboard? | ATX |
| What is the motherboard used for mini tower? | Micro-ATX |
| What is the motherboard used for home theater? | Mini-ITX, passively cooled |
| What is the motherboard used to server? | NLX, riser card slot |
| What motherboard has I/O ports on the wrong side? | BTX |
| What are the different names used instead of motherboard? | Planar, main board, system board |
| Physical Size of hard drives? | 3.5inch and 2.5inch |
| What are some of the major rotation speeds of Hard Drives? | 3.6k, 5.4k-7.2k, 10k, 15k |
| What is a sector? | Smallest unit of space on HD that can be allocated (512 bytes, advanced can be 4KB) |
| What is a cluster? | Group of sectors (2-64), smallest amount of space that can be used for any read/write |
| What is a track? | Concentric circles on the platter |
| What is a cylinder? | Group of tracks of the same diameter on different platters. |
| What are the common interfaces on a HD | SATA, SCSI |
| How does the master/slave system work with SATA? | SATA doesn't use master/slave |
| Pins on SATA / PATA? | SATA = 15, PATA = 40 |
| 2 types of filters found in a HD? | Barometric, Recirculating |
| What does the voice coil motor do? | Moves the read head. |
| RAID 0? | Data Striping, no fault tolerance |
| RAID 1? | Disk Mirroring, all data saved 2x |
| RAID 2? | does not exist |
| RAID 3? | Data Striping With Dedicated Parity Drive |
| RAID 4? | Data Striping With Dedicated Parity Drive, larger stripes |
| RAID 5? | Data Striping with Rotating Parity, most common |
| RAID 6? | Data Striping with Dual Rotating Parity, can recover from 2 failed drives |
| What is nested raid level? | Combination of Raid 0+1, mirrored + striped, minimum 4 drives |
| RAID LVL = Minimum Drives | Max Data Storage | 0=2|n, 1=2|n/2, 3+4+5=3|n-1, 6=4|n-2 |
| PC Card Type I? | 3.3mm, usually flash, not very common |
| PC Card Type II? | 5.0mm, often NIC, most common |
| PC Card Type III? | 10.5mm, mini HD, quite rare |
| What has replaced PC Cards? | ExpressCard |
| What is a Hot Spare? | An extra HD that is running and ready to start working if one goes down. |
| How many pins in DDR for laptops? | DDR1+2= 200, DDR3= 204 |
| What is Nickel Cadmium? | "Battery memory", old, bad |
| What is Nickel Metal Hydride? | not as bad memory, still older, not as bad |
| What is Lithium Ion? | Newest, best, high voltage till steep drop near end of life. |
| What is Speedstep? | When unplugged it uses less power in laptop |
| When can you upgrade the video card in a laptop? | MXM, mobile PCIe module, easy upgrade video card |
| What is the most expensive part of the laptop? | screen |
| Differences between laptop and notebook? | Notebook = worse processor, no optical disk drive, smaller, no SSD, less RAM, different OS |
| What is thermal compound? | Arctic Silver, allows transfer of heat from CPU to heatsink |
| 2.8GHz using 400 bus speed? | 2800 / 400 = 7 .... so 7 is the multiplier (X) |
| How to overclock? | Changing the bus speed is the best way. |
| How do you get thermal info outside of OS? | BIOS (CMOS) |
| What a passive cooling? | No fan |
| RED BOOK? | audio |
| YELLOW BOOK? | stamped |
| ORANGE BOOK? | burn |
| What Region code is Canada? Everyone? | Canada = 1, Everyone =0 |
| What is the CD X speed? | X = 150 |
| What is DVD X speed? | X = 1350 ( 9 * CD X) |
| CDRW X/Y/Z ? | X= Read Y= Write Z= Rewrite |
| What is Packet Writing? | turned the rewritable disk into a live CD (like a folder) |
| Difference between bluray and dvd? | laser, capacity, speed, layers |
| Why do Parallel ATA HD have jumpers? | to set master and slave |
| What Parallel bus still used by most motherboard? | PCI, white colour |
| What is Bus Mastering? | Transfer data between 2 devices without CPU |
| Which expansion bus used exclusively for video cards? | AGP |
| What is most common expansion slot used today? | PCIe-16 |
| Can you use a PCIe card in PCI slot? | NO, serial and parallel, PCIx + PCIe yes |
| Can all AGP cards be used in all AGP slots? | no, some have different connectors? |
| Backlight? | CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps), LED (Light Emitting Diode) |
| What is a Pixel? | Smallest portion of the screen that can be colour |
| What is Native Resolution? | Ideal resolution for monitor |
| Backlight? | CCFL (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps), LED (Light Emitting Diode) |
| What is Contrast Ratio? | How close to absolute black it can get? |
| What is response time? | time to go from off to on to off |
| Passive vs Active Matrix | Passive = older and not as good, less transistors. Active Matrix= newer, more transistors, TFT= thin film transistor |
| Advantages of LCD? | Cheap, power, size, weight, no flicker, low radiation |
| Disadvantages of LCD? | Dead pixel, ghosting, no absolute black |
| What is a Dead/Defective pixel? | it's stuck to a certain colour |
| Where does a breakout box sit? | 5.25 bay |
| Difference of pins wide and narrow SCSI? | wide = male, narrow = female |
| How do you terminate a SCAM? | It terminates itself |
| What is WWN? | World Wide Name, used for SAS |
| What is ZIF? | Zero Insertion Force, pins on socket, not on the processor, has a lever |
| What is LIF? | Low Insertion Force, pins on processor |
| What is PGA? | Pin Grid Array, symmetrical linear pins |
| What is SPGA? | Staggered Pin Grid Array, every other row of pins is shifted |
| What is OTP? | Opposite Track Path, middle>>edge>>middle |
| What is PTP? | Parallel Track Path, middle>>edge middle>>edge |
| What is USB1? | Full Speed, 1.5Mbps |
| What is USB2? | High Speed, 480Mbps |
| What is USB3? | Super Speed, 5Gbps |
| What is a surge suppressor? | Combats surges/spikes |
| What is a line conditioner? | Combats brownouts |
| What is BPS? | Backup Power Supply |
| What is SPS? | Standby Power Supply, switches to battery when needed |
| What is UPS? | Uninterruptable Power Supply, power always going through battery, wears out faster. |
Created by:
Datheral
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