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| Primordium appears when & where? | 4th week in floor of pharyngeal gut epithelium
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| What descends through the mesenchyme leaving behind the thyroglossal duct? | Thyroid diverticulum
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| The developing thyroid descends anterior to what? and when? | Hyoid bone and reaches the front of trachea during the 7th week
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| Ultimobranchial body is from what pouch? | From ventral portion of 4th pouch
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| What is the ultimobranchial body incorporated into? | Into the thyroid
(forms C-cells -> thyrocalcitonim -> which decrease blood Ca)
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| When does thyroid begin to function? | End of 3rd month
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| Foramen cecum of posterior adult is located? | At posterior end of median sulcus; sulcus terminalis runs forward and lateral from foramen cecum
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| What ANOMALIE can form anywhere along the migratory path of thyroid from remnants of thyroglossal duct? | Thryoglossal cyst
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| What ANOMALIE causes the throglossal cyst to open onto anterior surface of neck? | Thryoglossal fistula
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| What anomalie is anywhere along the path of thyroid descent, commonly at base of tongue just behind foramen cecum? | Aberrant thyroid tissue
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| Hypophysis is derived from what two surfaces? | Rathke's pouch & Infundibular process
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| When does Rathke's pouch BEGIN? | 3rd week
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| What is Rathke's pouch? | Is an ectodermal evagination from roof of primitive mouth which (Stomodeum) which later loses its connection (loses connection in 8th week)
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| What happens in the 5th week in Rathke's pouch? | Makes contact with the infundibular process -> Adenohypophysis
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| What is Infundibular process? | Neurorectal evagination of the diencephalon -> Neurohypophysis
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| What MALFORMATION is when small portion of Rathke's pouch remains in roof of pharynx? | Pharyngeal hypophysis
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| What MALFORMATION is a remnant of pouch is intracrainially located, symptoms usually before age 15. | Craniopharyngioma (Rathke's pouch tumor)
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| Components of suprarenal glands? | Medsodermal (CORTEX)
Neuroectodermal (MEDULLA)
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| Coelomic mesothelial cells located in groove bw dorsal mesentery & urogenital ridge proliferate and invade underlying mesenchyme during the 5th week, forms what? | Fetal cortex
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| What cells invade fetal cortex from adjacent sympathetic ganglia? | Sympathetic cells from chromaffin cells of medulla
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| Coelomic mesothelial cells give rise to a 2nd cortex called? | Permanent cortex
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| Permanent cortex gives rise in late fetal period to? | Zona glomerulosa (present at birth), zona fasciculate (present at birth), and zona reticularis (postnatal 3rd yr)
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| In the cervical region, intermediate mesoderm form? | Nephrotomes (segmented cell clusters)
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| The medial part of nephrotomes opens into? | The intraembryonic coelom
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| The lateral part of nephrotomes grows? | Grows caudally uniting with successive segments to form pronephric duct
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| What does dorsal aorta form? | External & internal glomeruli
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| What does glomerulus + pronephric tubule = | = excretory unit of pronephros
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| Formation of nephrons in thoracic/lumbar/sacral regions flow chart? | Intermediate mesoderm->nephrotomes->nephrotomes fuse->nephrogenic cord->excretory units of mesonephros and metanephros
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| Names of the 3 kidney systems? | Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros
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| When do pronephros develop? | End of 3rd week through 4th week
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| Where are pronephros from? | First 7-10 nephrotome segments, primarily in cervical region, from segmented nephrotomes, nonfunctional & transitory
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| When to mesonphros develop? | 4th-8th weeks. Develops during: regression of mesonephric system, in lower lumber/scaral regions.
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| Where are mesonphros from? | From the nephrogenic cord
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| Known as the adult kidney of fishes and amphibians? | Mesonphros
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| What is an urogenital ridge? | Longitudinal ridge on posterior abdominal wall formed by gonad & mesonephros
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| What is an urogenital mesentery? | A broad based mesentery which attaches UG ridge to posterior abdominal wall
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| Regression of mesonephric duct in males? | Remains to form ducts of male reproductive system (ductus epididymis, ejact ducts
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| Regression of mesonephric duct in females? | Almost completely disappears
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| Regression of mesonephros? | Most degenerates, a few caudal mesonephric tubules persist and are found in association with ovary & testis
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| When does metanephros become functional? | During 2nd half of pregnancy
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| What does the collecting system of metanephric develop come from? | From ureteric bud
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| What does the excretory system of metanephric development come from? | From metanephric blastema
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| The cloaca (by urorectal septum) forms? 2 | Anorectal canal & primitive urogenital sinus
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| The primitive urogenital sinus (epithelial endoderm lining) forms what 3 parts? | Vesical part, pelvic part, phallic part
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| What is developed in the vesicle part from the primitive urogenital sinus? | Urinary bladder - male & female
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| What is developed in the pelvic part from the primitive urogenital sinus? | Female urethra, male prostatic & membranous urethra
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| What is developed in the phallic part from the primitive urogenital sinus? | Male proximal penile urethra
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| The endodermal lined allantois constricts and loses its lumen forming a thick fibrous cord called? | Urachus
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| What is the urachus termed in the adult? ? | Median umbilical ligament
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| Where is the ureters from? | From mesoderm of ureteric buds
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| The portion of the mesodermal mesonephric ducts absorbed into the bladder forms? | Vesical trigone
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| In the male, the remaining nonabsorbed parts of mesonephric ducts move? | Medially & descend to enter the prostatic urethra.
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| In the female, the remaining nonabsorbed parts of mesonephric? | Regress
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| What develops as evaginations & proliferations of endodermal epithelium of the prostatic & penile uretheras in MALE? | Prostate & bulboureahral glands
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| What develops as evaginations & proliferations of endodermal epithelium of UG sinus and urethra in FEMALE? | Greater vestibular, urethral, paraurethral glands
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| What happens to the primitive (meduallry) sex cords of the indifferent gonad in the FEMALE? | They do NOT remain well defined (as in male) but break up into the IRREGULAR RETE OVARii
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| What happens to rete ovarii? | Later disappears and is replaced by stromal CT forming the OVARIAN MEDULLA
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| Surface coelomic mesodermal epithelium give rise to? | 2nd generation of sex cords, CORITICAL CORDS (they remain close to surface in cortex of ovary)
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| What happens to the cortical cords in the 4th intrauterine month ? | They break up and surround one or more germ cells: germ cells of cords/epithelial cells of cords
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| Germ cells of cords route? | Oogoina->primary oocytes
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| Epithelial cells of cords route? | ->follicular cells
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| When does the indifferent stage occur? | During 6th week
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| How many pairs of genital ducts does both male and female have? | 2
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| What occurs in early stage of mesonephric (wolffian) ducts? | They run from mesonephros to cloaca
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| What occurs in late stage of mesonephric (wolffian) ducts? | Open into UG sinus lateral to PARAMESONEPHRIC TUBERCLE
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| Where does the paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts arise from? | A longitudinal invagination of the coelomic epithelium on the anterolateral surface of the UG ridge
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| Derivative of MALE efferent ducts? | Mesonephric Excretory Tubules- From epigenital tubules (near CENTER pole of testis)
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| Derivative of MALE paradidymis? | Mesonephric Excretory Tubules- From paragential tubles (near CAUDAL pole of testis)
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| Derivative of MALE appendix testis? | Paramesonephric duct- From very small cranial part of duct
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| Derivative of MALE colliculus seminalis? | UG sinus- From paramesonsphric tubercle of sinus wall
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| Dervivative of MALE utriculus prostaticus? | UG sinus - Probably develops as an outpocketing from wall of UG sinus
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| Derivative of FEMALE epoophoron? | Mesonephric Excretory Tubules- Located in mesosalphinx bw ovary and uterine tube
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| Derivative of FEMALE paroophoron? | Mesonephric Excretory Tubules- Located in mesosalphinx bw ovary and uterine tube
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| Derivative of FEMALE duct of duct of epoophoron (Gartner's)? | Mesonephric Duct- May sometimes form a Gartner's cyst in wall of vagina or uterus
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| Derivative of FEMALE appendix vesiculosa (hydatids of Morgagni)? | Mesonephric Duct- pedunculated vesicle near fimbriae
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| Derivatives within the paramesonephric duct? | MUCOSAL PART ONLY: uterine tube, uterus, upper 1/3 of vagina
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| What derivatives are in the pelvic portion of the UG sinus? | (1) part of vestibule (2) hymen (3)lower 2/3 of vagina (4)paraurethral & urethral glands (5)urethra
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| What derivatives are in the phallic portion of the UG sinus? | (1) part of vestibule (2) greater vestibular glands (Bartholins glands)
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| During development of LOWER 2/3 of vagina, solid epithelial evaginations from UG sinus form? | Sinovaginal bulbs->further development produces the VAGINAL PLATE (end of 3rd month)
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| During development of LOWER 2/3 of vagina, what happens by the 5th month? | The vaginal plate forms lumen of definitive lower 2/3rds of vagina
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| During development of LOWER 2/3 of vagina, the paramesonephric tubercle forms? | The HYMEN, which separates vagina from pelvic portion of UG sinus
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| When is the indifferent stage in external genitalia? | 6th week
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| In cloacal folds, underlying mesenchyme forms? | Forms CLOACAL FOLDS during 4th week
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| Cloacal folds fuse anteriorly to form? | Genital tubercle
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| Urorectal septum (superficially forms perineal body) divides cloacal folds into? | (1)Urogenital folds (ANTERIOR to perineal body) and (2)Anal folds (POSTERIOR to perineal body)
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| Genital (Labioscrotal) swellings develop from? | Underlying mesenchyme lateral to urogenital folds
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| Female genital tubercle forms? | Phallus->CLITORIS
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| Female urogenital folds forms? | LABIA MINORA
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| Female (labioscrotal) swellings forms? | LABIA MAJORA
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| Female urogenital membrane (bw urogenital folds) breaks down forming? | Urogenital groove->VESTIBULE
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| Male genital tubercle forms? | Phallus->PENIS
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| Development of male urogenital folds into proximal penile urethra? | Urethral folds->urethral groove(urethral groove closes when urethral folds fuse OVER urethral groove -> PROXIMAL PENILE URETHRA
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| Male invagination of surface ectoderm at tip of phallus; ectoderm forms solid cord, later cavitates forming ultimately what? | DISTAL TIP PENILE URETHRA
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| The skin of penis that grows over glans is called? | PREPUCE (foreskin)
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| Male genital (labioscrotal) swellings form scrotal swellings which fuse in middle form? | SCROTUM
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| Urogenital mesentery becomes? | Mesentery of gonad as mesonephros disapears
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| Urogenital mesentery CRAINIAL part becomes? | Cranial genital ligament- from upper pole of gonad->diaphragm; this ligament disappears in the male
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| Urogenital mesentery CAUDAL part becomes? | Caudal genital ligament- from lower pole of gonad->inguinal canal (2nd month)
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| Gubernaculum extends from? | Caudal pole of gonad to genital (labioscrotal) swelling
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| Gubernaculum is formed from 3 structures? | (1)Caudal genital ligament (2)Mesenchymal band in inguinal canal (3)Mesenchymal Condensation in genital (labioscrotal) swelling
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| Gobernaculum forms what in the MALE? | Gubernaculum testis
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| Gobernaculum forms what in the FEMALE? | Round ligament of uterus & ovarian ligament
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| T/F Gubernaculum does NOT grow in proportion to the trunk and pelvis? | TRUE
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| Movement of testis? | Retroperitoneal & primarily relative
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| Gubernaculum appears to pull the testis from the posterior abdominal wall to area of? | Deep inguinal ring during 2-3rd month
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| What causes the passage of testis through inguinal canal and into scrotum? | Increased pressure (from growth of viscera) and gonadotrophic and androgenic hormones, and probably not by the gubernaculum. **7th month
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| What happens to processus vaginalis in 3rd month? | Follows gubernaculum testis (and lies over it) into the scrotum and pulls muscular and fascial layers with it
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| Are gubernaculum testis external or internal to the process of vaginalis? | EXTERNAL.
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| What eventually happen to the processus vaginalis in MALES? | Components of the process wrap around blood supply, vas deferens, etc of testis thereby forming the coverings of the spermatic cord.
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| Descent of ovary- Craninal genital ligament forms? | Suspensory ligament of ovary
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| Descent of ovary- Gubernaculum forms? | Ovarian ligament & round ligament of uterus
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| Descent of ovary- Broad ligament forms? | Formed by caudal fusion of paramesonephric ducts
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