Systemic/Pulmonary
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| Pulmonary Circulation | -Moves blood to and from the lungs
-Pulmonary trunk:
Arises from right ventricle.
-Pulmonary arteries:
Branches of pulmonary trunk which project to lungs.
Pulmonary veins:
Exit each lung and enter left atrium.
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| Systemic Circulation: Arteries | -Aorta--
From which all arteries are derived either directly or indirectly
-Parts---
Ascending, descending, thoracic, abdominal
Coronary arteries
Supply the heart
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| Systemic Circulation: Veins | Return blood from body to right atrium
-Major veins=
Coronary sinus (heart)
Superior vena cava (head, neck, thorax, upper limbs)
Inferior vena cava (abdomen, pelvis, lower limbs)
-Types of veins=
Superficial, deep, sinuses
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| Dynamics of Blood Circulation | Interrelationships between
-Pressure
-Flow
-Resistance
-Control mechanisms that regulate blood pressure
-Blood flow through vessels
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| Blood Pressure | Measure of force exerted by blood against the wall
Blood moves through vessels because of blood pressure
--Measured by listening for Korotkoff sounds produced by turbulent flow in arteries as pressure released from blood pressure cuff
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| Pulse Pressure | Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures:
--Increases when stroke volume increases or vascular compliance decreases
--Pulse pressure can be used to take a pulse to determine heart rate and rhythmicity
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| Blood Flow | -Amount of blood moving through a vessel in a given time period.
-Directly proportional to pressure differences, inversely proportional to resistance
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| Poiseuille’s Law | ---Flow decreases when resistance increases
---Flow resistance decreases when vessel diameter increases
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| Viscosity | --Measure of resistance of liquid to flow
--As viscosity increases, pressure required to flow increases
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| Critical closing pressure | Pressure at which a blood vessel collapses and blood flow stops
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| Laplace’s Law | Force acting on blood vessel wall is proportional to diameter of the vessel times blood pressure
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| Vascular compliance | Tendency for blood vessel volume to increase as blood pressure increases
More easily the vessel wall stretches, the greater its compliance
Venous system has a large compliance and acts as a blood reservoir
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