Urinalysis Ch 8 & 9
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| diseases that affect the glomerulus are usually caused by | immunologic disorders
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| what are the symptoms of acute glomerular nephritis | edema, hematuria, proteinuria
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| nephrotic syndrome in children is caused by | membranous glomerulonephritis
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| what causes damage to the glomerulus | immune complexes, cellular infiltration, amyloid materials
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| Crescentic formations on glomerular capillaries are found in | rapidly progressive glomerular nephritis
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| Iga nephropathy is also known as? | Berger disease
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| Nephrotic syndrome can occur as a complication of | systemic shock
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| this renal disorder association with heroin abuse | focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
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| what blood tests are used to confirm acute glomerulonephritis | anti streptococcal group A
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| what urine sediment constituent is present in patients with goodpastures syndrome in Wagner's granulomatosis | RBC casts
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| what crystals are associated with nephrotic syndrome | cholesterol
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| patients with symptoms of hemoptysis and hematuria should be tested for | glomerular basement membrane anti body
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| which renal disorders have good prognosis | henoch-schonlein pupura
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| glomerular basement membrane thickening occurs as a result of | immunoglobulin g immune complex
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| heavy proteinuria is found in | nephrotic syndrome
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| edema associated with nephrotic syndrome is associated with | sodium retention, depletion of plasma albumin
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| oval fat bodies and fatty casts maybe found in patients with | nephrotic syndrome
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| decreased systemic blood flow causes what to occur in the renal tubules | ischemia (lack of oxygen)
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| amino aciduria is found in | falcconi syndrome
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| what's renal disorders maybe inherited | alport syndrome, falcconi syndrome, nephrogenic diabetes, insipidus, glycosurea
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| administration of a neophro toxic antibiotic to patient with decreased glomerular function may result in | acute tubular necrosis
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| a bladder infection is known as a | cystitis
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| how can you differentiate cystitis from pyelonephritis | the presence of WBC casts
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| what conditions may cause acute pyelonephritis | calculi, reflux, pregnancy
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| bacterial cast indicate | chronic and acute pyelonephritis
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| what is the most serious tubulointerstitial disorder | chronic pyelonephritis
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| increased urinary eosinophils indicate | acute interstitial nephritis
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| acute interstitial nephritis result in these microscopic findings | eosinophils, RBC, WBC, WBC cast
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| acute renal failure may be classified as | prerenal, renal, Post renal
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| waxy cast and broad cast may be seen in patients with | chronic pyelonephritis chronic renal disease
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| acute renal failure is caused by | sudden decrease in blood flow to the kidney, acute glomerular and tubular disease, renal calculi, or tumor obstruction
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| renal calculi (kidney stone) composed of | 75% calcium
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| lithotripsy is used to | break stones located in the upper urinary tract with high energy shock waves
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| microscopic hematuria found in renal lithiasis is a result of | irritation to the tissues
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| what may help in preventing renal calculi formation | maintaining hydration, to lower Ph and possible dietary restrictions
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| phenylketonuria (pku) is caused by | lack of enzyme
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| what is the Guthrie test | microbial test for pku
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| urine from patients with alkaptonuria may be positive for | homogentistic acid
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| what disease results in large amounts of homogentistic acid in urine | alkaptonuria
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| what disorders are associated with defects in the phenylanine-tyrosine pathway | amino acid disorders: melinuria, pku, alkaptonuria
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| why is the initial plus screening done on blood rather than urine | because blood levels of phenylalanine must occur pair to urine excretion
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| tyrosine and leucine crystals are associated with this disorder | liver disease
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| how is the Guthrie test interpreted | phenylanine hydroxylase enzyme
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| phenylketonurics may have fair complexions because | decreased production of tyrosine
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| false positive urine ketones may be found in this condition | melinuria
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| patients with this disorder have positive clinitest results | alkaptonuria
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| how is maple syrup urine disease screened | 2-4 DNPH (dinitrophenylhyelrazine)
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| large amounts of branched chain amino acids are excreted by patients with | maple syrup disease
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| sweaty feet odor urine is associated with | organic acidemias
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| what are the types of organic acidemias | isovaleric, propionic, methylmalonic
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| this reacts with p-nitroaniline to produce an emerald green color during testing | methylmalonic acid
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| newborns with persistent ketonuria are | methylmalonic aciduria
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| DNPH tests are used for | maple syrup, ketones
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| maple syrup urine maybe first detected by | odor
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| tryptophan not reabsorbed in the intestine is removed from the body how | feces
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| argentaffin cell tumors can be detected by the presence of urinary | 5-HIAA levels due to excess serotonin
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| blue dipper indicates | tryptophan disorder
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| false positive 5-HIAA tests are found in patients with | did not receive restricted diets
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| increased amounts of indigo blue in urine indicates | Hartnup disease
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| increased amounts of 5-HIAA in urine indicates | carcinoid tumors
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| silver nitroprusside test for | homocystine
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| how can you differentiate between cystinuria and homocystinuria | silver nitroprusside
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| patients with kidney stones early in life should be tested for | cystinuria
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| false positive cystine results are found in the presence of urine ketones because | nitroprusside (on test strip)
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| porphyrins are | the intermediate compounds in the production of heme
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| when testing for protoporoyhin, what specimen should be used? | bile
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| primary porphyrins include | uroporphryins, coproporphyrins, protoporoyhins
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| what porphyrin compounds exhibit fluorescence | rules out prophobilinogin and ALA
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| acquired porphyria a is most commonly caused by | lead poisoning, excessive alcohol, iron deficiency, chronic liver disease and renal disease
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| patients with inherited porphyria has these symptoms | neurological / psychiatric or cutaneous photosensitivity
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| prophobilinogin can be suspected when | urine is port wine color
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| when a urine from a patient with lead poisoning fluorescent red, it indicates | lead poisoning, coproporphyrin
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| these compounds do not react with erlichs reagent or fluorescent | ALA
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| what porphyrin compounds can be found in urine | coproporphyrins, uroporphryins, and ALA
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| overflow type of disorders are caused by | errors of metabolism, serum exceeding threshold,destruction of normal enzyme function
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| which disorders exhibit characteristic urine odors | plus, maple syrup, isovaleric, cystinuria, ctstinosis, homocystinuria
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| in patients with hurlers and San Filippa syndrome what is elevated | mucopolysacharide
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| metabolic disorders include | tyrosyluria, maple syrup, indicanuria
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| orange sand in a newborn's diaper indicates | purine disorders - lyshnine
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| CTAB and MPS tests are used for | mucopolysacharide, (CTAB- cetytrimethyl ammonium bromide; MPS- mucopolysacharide paper)
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| falcconi's syndrome is a symptom of | Hartnup disease and cystinosis
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