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Urinalysis Ch 8 & 9
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| diseases that affect the glomerulus are usually caused by | immunologic disorders |
| what are the symptoms of acute glomerular nephritis | edema, hematuria, proteinuria |
| nephrotic syndrome in children is caused by | membranous glomerulonephritis |
| what causes damage to the glomerulus | immune complexes, cellular infiltration, amyloid materials |
| Crescentic formations on glomerular capillaries are found in | rapidly progressive glomerular nephritis |
| Iga nephropathy is also known as? | Berger disease |
| Nephrotic syndrome can occur as a complication of | systemic shock |
| this renal disorder association with heroin abuse | focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
| what blood tests are used to confirm acute glomerulonephritis | anti streptococcal group A |
| what urine sediment constituent is present in patients with goodpastures syndrome in Wagner's granulomatosis | RBC casts |
| what crystals are associated with nephrotic syndrome | cholesterol |
| patients with symptoms of hemoptysis and hematuria should be tested for | glomerular basement membrane anti body |
| which renal disorders have good prognosis | henoch-schonlein pupura |
| glomerular basement membrane thickening occurs as a result of | immunoglobulin g immune complex |
| heavy proteinuria is found in | nephrotic syndrome |
| edema associated with nephrotic syndrome is associated with | sodium retention, depletion of plasma albumin |
| oval fat bodies and fatty casts maybe found in patients with | nephrotic syndrome |
| decreased systemic blood flow causes what to occur in the renal tubules | ischemia (lack of oxygen) |
| amino aciduria is found in | falcconi syndrome |
| what's renal disorders maybe inherited | alport syndrome, falcconi syndrome, nephrogenic diabetes, insipidus, glycosurea |
| administration of a neophro toxic antibiotic to patient with decreased glomerular function may result in | acute tubular necrosis |
| a bladder infection is known as a | cystitis |
| how can you differentiate cystitis from pyelonephritis | the presence of WBC casts |
| what conditions may cause acute pyelonephritis | calculi, reflux, pregnancy |
| bacterial cast indicate | chronic and acute pyelonephritis |
| what is the most serious tubulointerstitial disorder | chronic pyelonephritis |
| increased urinary eosinophils indicate | acute interstitial nephritis |
| acute interstitial nephritis result in these microscopic findings | eosinophils, RBC, WBC, WBC cast |
| acute renal failure may be classified as | prerenal, renal, Post renal |
| waxy cast and broad cast may be seen in patients with | chronic pyelonephritis chronic renal disease |
| acute renal failure is caused by | sudden decrease in blood flow to the kidney, acute glomerular and tubular disease, renal calculi, or tumor obstruction |
| renal calculi (kidney stone) composed of | 75% calcium |
| lithotripsy is used to | break stones located in the upper urinary tract with high energy shock waves |
| microscopic hematuria found in renal lithiasis is a result of | irritation to the tissues |
| what may help in preventing renal calculi formation | maintaining hydration, to lower Ph and possible dietary restrictions |
| phenylketonuria (pku) is caused by | lack of enzyme |
| what is the Guthrie test | microbial test for pku |
| urine from patients with alkaptonuria may be positive for | homogentistic acid |
| what disease results in large amounts of homogentistic acid in urine | alkaptonuria |
| what disorders are associated with defects in the phenylanine-tyrosine pathway | amino acid disorders: melinuria, pku, alkaptonuria |
| why is the initial plus screening done on blood rather than urine | because blood levels of phenylalanine must occur pair to urine excretion |
| tyrosine and leucine crystals are associated with this disorder | liver disease |
| how is the Guthrie test interpreted | phenylanine hydroxylase enzyme |
| phenylketonurics may have fair complexions because | decreased production of tyrosine |
| false positive urine ketones may be found in this condition | melinuria |
| patients with this disorder have positive clinitest results | alkaptonuria |
| how is maple syrup urine disease screened | 2-4 DNPH (dinitrophenylhyelrazine) |
| large amounts of branched chain amino acids are excreted by patients with | maple syrup disease |
| sweaty feet odor urine is associated with | organic acidemias |
| what are the types of organic acidemias | isovaleric, propionic, methylmalonic |
| this reacts with p-nitroaniline to produce an emerald green color during testing | methylmalonic acid |
| newborns with persistent ketonuria are | methylmalonic aciduria |
| DNPH tests are used for | maple syrup, ketones |
| maple syrup urine maybe first detected by | odor |
| tryptophan not reabsorbed in the intestine is removed from the body how | feces |
| argentaffin cell tumors can be detected by the presence of urinary | 5-HIAA levels due to excess serotonin |
| blue dipper indicates | tryptophan disorder |
| false positive 5-HIAA tests are found in patients with | did not receive restricted diets |
| increased amounts of indigo blue in urine indicates | Hartnup disease |
| increased amounts of 5-HIAA in urine indicates | carcinoid tumors |
| silver nitroprusside test for | homocystine |
| how can you differentiate between cystinuria and homocystinuria | silver nitroprusside |
| patients with kidney stones early in life should be tested for | cystinuria |
| false positive cystine results are found in the presence of urine ketones because | nitroprusside (on test strip) |
| porphyrins are | the intermediate compounds in the production of heme |
| when testing for protoporoyhin, what specimen should be used? | bile |
| primary porphyrins include | uroporphryins, coproporphyrins, protoporoyhins |
| what porphyrin compounds exhibit fluorescence | rules out prophobilinogin and ALA |
| acquired porphyria a is most commonly caused by | lead poisoning, excessive alcohol, iron deficiency, chronic liver disease and renal disease |
| patients with inherited porphyria has these symptoms | neurological / psychiatric or cutaneous photosensitivity |
| prophobilinogin can be suspected when | urine is port wine color |
| when a urine from a patient with lead poisoning fluorescent red, it indicates | lead poisoning, coproporphyrin |
| these compounds do not react with erlichs reagent or fluorescent | ALA |
| what porphyrin compounds can be found in urine | coproporphyrins, uroporphryins, and ALA |
| overflow type of disorders are caused by | errors of metabolism, serum exceeding threshold,destruction of normal enzyme function |
| which disorders exhibit characteristic urine odors | plus, maple syrup, isovaleric, cystinuria, ctstinosis, homocystinuria |
| in patients with hurlers and San Filippa syndrome what is elevated | mucopolysacharide |
| metabolic disorders include | tyrosyluria, maple syrup, indicanuria |
| orange sand in a newborn's diaper indicates | purine disorders - lyshnine |
| CTAB and MPS tests are used for | mucopolysacharide, (CTAB- cetytrimethyl ammonium bromide; MPS- mucopolysacharide paper) |
| falcconi's syndrome is a symptom of | Hartnup disease and cystinosis |
Created by:
svankirk
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