NWHSU Mash GA 2 Quiz 4 Embryology Skeletal and Nervous System
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| T/F The primary center of ossification in the scapula forms both the body and most of the acromion | T
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| T/F The clavicles articulate with the presternal cartilage which later joins the manubrium of the sternum. | F -suprasternal cartilages
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| T/F In the foot, secondary centers of ossification appear only in the proximal epiphyses of the phalanges | T
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| T/F Ribs have a single center of chondrification at nine weeks. | F -seven weeks
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| T/F Secondary centers of ossification form in the epiphyses of long bones between 5 weeks of fetal development and the 20th year (depending on the specific bone). | F -birth to 20 years
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| T/F The clavicle has the last primary center of ossification to appear in the body. | F - secondary (ossifies first, closes last)
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| T/F The patella is completely cartilaginous at birth | T
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| T/F Concerning the metacarpals and metatarsals of digits 2-5, secondary centers of ossification appear only in distal epiphyses. | T
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| T/F The sternum develps by endochondral and intramembrous ossification. | F -clavicle
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| T/F Ossification (primary) of a rib takes place from a single center located near the angle. | TRUE
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| T/F Ossification (primary) of a rib takes place from a single loction at the head. | F -near angle
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| T/F In general, the limbs reach the cartilagenous state at 10 weeks of embryonic development. | F -6-7weeks
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| T/F Concerning the metacarpals and metatarsals of digits 2-5, secondary centers of ossification appear only in proximal epiphyses. | False (distal epiphyses)
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| Describe in detail the anomaly known as "lobster claw". | abnormal cleft between the 2nd and 4th metarcarpals and soft tissues, 3rd metacarpals and phalange are usually absent, thumb, and index finger can be fused.
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| Congenital malformation caused when mesenchyme between phalanges fails to breakdown. | syndactyly
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| Specifically, what is the embryonic cause of a) cleft sternum b) supernumerary rib | a) failure of sternal bands to fuse b)overdevelopment of costal process (in area other than thoracic) leading to an increased number of ribs (C7 or L1)
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| congenital malformation in which a small bone attaches hands or feet to the trunk. | meromelia
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| anomaly with no limb development | amelia
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| Besides ganglia and a small contribution to pia and arachnoid list 4 derivatives of the neural crest. | odontoblasts, melanocytes, satelite cells, chomaffin cells of the adrenal medulla,
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| Besides ganglia, Schwann cells, and the cartilages of the brachial arches: list 4 derivatives of the neural crest. | melanocytes, odontoblasts, satelite cells, chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla, small contribution to pia and arachnoid
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| the thalamus and hypothalamus develop from what embryonic components? Include secondary brain vesicle and plate. | alar plates of diencephalon
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| Component that forms astrocytes and oligodendrocytes but NOT ependymal cells. | gliablasts
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| Primordium for the cerebellum. | rhombic lips formed by dorsal part of alar plates
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| Functional classification (use 3 letters) of the columns in the basal plate of the myelencephalon. | GSE, SVE, GVE
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| Functional classification (use 3 letters) of the columns in the basal plate of the metencephalon. | GSE, SVE, GVE
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| Functional classification (use 3 letters) of the columns in the basal plate of the mesencephalon. | GSE, GVE
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| Brain vesicle which forms only the pons and cerebellum | metencephalon
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| Briefly discuss how dorsal roots of spinal nerves develop. | from the neural crest
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| What develops from the corpus striatum? | future caudate and lenticular nuclei
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| The primordium of the cerebral cortex. | pallium
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| the epithalamus develops from what embryonic components? Include secondary brain vesicle and plate. | diencephalon, roof plate
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| The bilateral longitudinal groove in the developing spinal cord used to seperate basal and alar plates | sulcus limitans
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| Briefly discuss the differentiation of the microglia. | from mesenchyme
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| Myelination in the spinal cord begins about ______(1st, 2nd, 4th, or 8th) month of fetal development. Additionally, at birth the cord ends at the _____vertebral level. | 4th, L3
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| Anomaly produced when any area of the neural tube fails to close; nervous tissue remains flattened and exposed to surface. | rachischisis
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| Anomaly usually due to aqueductal stenosis | hydrocephalus
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