Armstrong Blood Bank Chap 14
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| What is Chronic Blood Loss? | Large amounts of blood cells/fluids lost in a short amount of time
Hemorrhagic shock
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| What is Acute Blood Loss? | Small amounts of blood lost over a long period of time
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| What is a Massive Transfusion? | about 10 units of blood in 24 hours
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| List affects of massive tranfusion | 1. citrate toxicity
2. Hypothermia
3. Micro vascular hemorrhage
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| What are the problems associated with excessive blood loss following Cardiac surgery? | 1. Impaired platelet function
2. increased fibrinolytic activity
3. hypothermia
4.heparin effect
5. vascular defects
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| What are Transfusion requirements during Cardiac surgery? | RBC units typed and crossmatched, FFP thawed and available, Platelet pheresis pack available
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| What are transfusion issues that are unique to neonates? | Increased risk for anemia, hypothermia, and CMV, and latrogenic blood loss
and decreased 2,3-DPG
less able to metabolize citrate and potassium
decreased response to EPO
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| What are specific requirements for neonate units? | Must be ABO compatible, crossmatched against mothers serum for antibodies,must be irradiated, CMV neg, Hgb S neg, and less than 7 days old
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| What are 3 anemia's requiring transfusion support? | Sicke cell, Thalessemia, and immune hemolytic anemia
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| What is the most common hereditary bleeding disorder? | Von Willebrand's
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| What type of therapy is required for sickle cell and thalessemia patients? | Iron chelation
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| What are 3 types of immune hemolytic anemia | Autoimmune, Alloimmune, and Drug induced
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| What are Transfusion requirements for hemostatic disorders with factor deficiencies? | Bleeding disorders are treated with factor concentrates
Desmopressin and CRYO used in urgent situations
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| What are reasons that that someone with chronic renal disease would need a transfusion? | elevated uremia, low EPO, dialysis procedure
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| What is the treatment for HUS and TTP? | therapeutic plasma exchange daily for 1-2 weeks
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| What are transfusion requirements for oncology patients? | irradiated blood and HLA matched platelets
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| What are requirements for HPC transplantation? | must be ABO compatible, irradiated, CMV negative
can come from bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cord blood
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| What is therapeutic apheresis? | removal of abnormal cells, plasma, or plasma constituents
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| What are alternatives to transfusions? | EPO, CSF, desmopressin, blood derivatives, and volume expanders
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