On Land, Sea, and Air: Other Mesozoic Vertebrates
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| During the Paleozoic era, what was the first living land form? | Amphibian
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| What amphibians appeared in the Mesozoic and still exist today? (3) | Turtles, lizards, and snakes
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| What was a mammal with a sailed back? | Dimetrodon
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| Who did the aquatic-livers branch off of? | bipedal archosaurs
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| Which Jurassic and Cretaceous grew up to 40 ft. long? | Deinosuchus, sarcosuchus
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| Found in Gondwana, what group of cretaceous crocodylian forms developed teeth for eating plants? | Notosuchians
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| Name 3 secondarily aquatic animals. | Thalattosuchians, mosasaurs, plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs
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| What is closest related to the Mosasaur? | Komodo Dragon
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| Diet of Mosasaur: | fish and ammonites
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| Mosasaur body characteristics: | large skulls, short necks, robust jaws with sharp teeth, very long tails which worked like fins, and hindlimbs (most likely for steering)
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| How large could Plesiosaurs get? | 2-14 meters long
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| Which aquatic groups have elongated necks and up to how many cervical vertebrae? | Plesiosaurids, cryptoclidids, elasmosaurids with 76 neck vertebrae
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| Which group had a short neck with a large number of cervical vertebrae? | Pliosaurids
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| Which group is fastest and probably chased prey? | Pliosaurs
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| Which group is slower and ambushed prey? | Long-necked plesiosaurs
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| Characteristics of Ichthyosaurs: | Diapsid, large dorsal fin, elongated skull, large eyes
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| What style of locomotion did PRIMITIVE ichthyosaurs use? | Anguilliform, lateral undulations of the body produced thrust
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| What did more advanced ichthyosaurs develop? | Tuniform body
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| Advanced locomotion of ichthyosaur? | Carangiform, lateral movement is restricted to the tail
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| Which two animals hold the largest eyes of any life form known? | Temnodontosaurus and Opthalmosaurus
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| What kind of bones did pterosaurs have? | pneumatized bones
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| Which group of pterosaurs possessed long tails? when and characteristics? | Eudimorphodon (Late Triassic)body is short with reduced and fused hipbones, forth digit was elongated to support wing.
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| Which group possessed short tails? when and characteristics? | Pterodactyloids (Late Jurassic through Cretaceous). Primitive form is pterodactylus
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| Which pterosaur had a filter jaw? | Pterodaustro
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| Which pterosaur had no teeth and fed like a pelican? | Pteranodon
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