Clin Chem Exam 2
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
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| Endocrine gland defintiion and examples? | Secretes hormones directly into bloodstream---adrenal, pancreas, gonads
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| Exocrine gland definition and examples? | Secretes hormones via ducts to outside of the organ---mammary, salivary, lachrymal and sebaceous
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| LIst polypeptide hormones | ACTH, TSH, FSH, Prl
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| Polypeptide hormone receptors are located where? | Membrane bound
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| List steroid hormones | Cortisol, estradiol, testosterone
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| Where are the steroid hormone receptors located? | Within the cell (cytoplasmic and nuclear)
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| Progesterone receptor is produced in response to ________________. | Estradiol-17B action
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| Aromatic amine examples? | T3 and T4
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| Aromatic amines function as __________________? | Hormone activated transcription factors
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| Thyroid hormone receptors bind ________ in the absence of hormone, usually leading to transcriptional repression. | DNA
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| The hypothalamic-pituitary axis controls what function? | Neuroendocrine (appetite, sex drive, body temp)
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| What are the hypothalamic hormones? (4) | CRF, TRF, PIF, GnRH
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| Anterior lobe pituitary hormones? (6) | GH, ACTH, TSH, PRL, LH, FSH
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| Posterior lobe pituitary hormones? (2) | ADH, Oxytocin
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| Thirst and ADH secretion is stimulated by _____________ | Increased blood osmolality
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| 1-2% increase in plasma osmolality causes a _____________ increase in ADH production | 4 fold
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| Increases serum osmolality can indicate (6) | dehydration, alcohol intoxication, hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, uremia, diabetes mellitus
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| Diabetes insipidus is caused by ____________? | Decreased ADH
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| Anterior pituitary hypo-function | Complete or partial loss of pituitary function
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| Anterior pituitary hypo-function causes (3) | 1) lesion in hypothalamus
2)pituitary adenoma: panhypopituitarism
3)postpartum necrosis: sheehan's syndrome
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| Hyper-pituitary function causes (3) | 1)pituitary adenoma 2) loss of hypothalamic factors 3)hypo secretion by target organs
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| Adrenocorticotropic hormone is responsible for _________ | cortisol stimulation
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| Increased ACTH is similar to what syndrome and why? | Cushing's syndrom. Acth stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce cortisol
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| Decreased ACTH is similar to what syndrome and why? | Addison's disease. ACTH deficiency
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| What are physical symptoms of Cushing's? | Abdominal obesity and buffalo hump
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| What is a physical symptom of Addison's disease? | Hyperpigmentation
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| What does a normal ACTH stimulation test look like? | Plasma cortisol should increase with time
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| What does a person's ACTH stimulation test look like that has a primary adrenal insufficiency? | The plasma cortisol level will not increase
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